ABSTRACT:

Contamination by heavy metals, specifically lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), and mercury (Hg), presents a considerable risk to both agricultural productivity and food safety. Exposure to these metals can lead to the induction of oxidative stress in plants, characterized by the excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in damage to cellular constituents, including lipids, proteins, and DNA. This occurs when plants under stress cannot nullify ROS overproduction using their antioxidant defence system. This stress impairs plant growth, photosynthesis, and overall productivity. The present scientific report explores remediation technologies that control plant oxidative stress generated through metal accumulation. Several advanced and eco-friendly technologies have been developed to prevent plant heavy metal toxicity, including phytoremediation, Nanotechnology, Chelating agents, Genetic engineering, CRISPR-Cas9, and Biochar amendment. Microbial remediation involves using plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), fungi like Trichoderma, and Mycorrhizae to detoxify ROS under metal stress. Therefore, addressing heavy metal contamination requires practical, eco-friendly remediation approaches that restore soil health and maintain the best agricultural practices.

How to Cite this paper?