Microplastic pollution has emerged as a significant environmental threat, particularly in marine and coastal ecosystems. This scientific report reviews the impact of microplastic particles on the operational integrity of reverse osmosis (RO) desalination plants located near seashores. Microplastics, originating from both primary and secondary sources, can infiltrate RO systems through seawater intake,  leading to pretreatment filter clogging, membrane fouling, and performance deterioration. Their ability to act as carriers for organic pollutants and biofilms further exacerbates fouling mechanisms, resulting in increased operational costs, higher energy consumption, and maintenance frequency. Case studies from coastal RO facilities reveal a correlation between microplastic presence and reduced system efficiency. The report highlights advanced pretreatment methods, modified intake designs, and policy-based approaches as potential mitigation strategies. Overall, addressing microplastic contamination is critical for the sustainable and efficient operation of coastal RO plants and necessitates integrated efforts in monitoring, engineering design, and coastal waste management.

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