Pakistan Journal of Chemistry

Research Article | Open Access
Volume 15| Issue 4 | Page 93-100 | https://doi.org/10.15228/2025.v15.i4.p15

Toxicological Studies of Cyhalothrin (Pyrethroid) and Monochrotophos  (Organophosphate) on Total Protein Contents in Liver, Kidney, and Muscles of Coturnix coturnix

R. Kanwal
Department of Zoology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan

H. Ali
Department of Zoology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan

S. Tasleem
Hafiz Muhammad Ilyas Institute of Pharmacology & Herbal Sciences, Hamdard University, Karachi, Pakistan
Pakistan Education, Health and Technology Innovation Consultant Group, Karachi, Pakistan

G. Yasmeen
Department of Zoology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan

Received
29 Jul, 2025
Accepted
09 Aug, 2025
Published
15 Aug, 2025

The study aims to examine the impact of pesticides Cyhalothrin (Pyrethroid) and Monochrotophos  (Organophosphate) on the bird Coturnix coturnix (Batair). Toxic effects of these pesticides have been recorded in Coturnix coturnix (Common Quail / Batair). It focuses on the impact of these pesticides on total protein levels in various organs, such as the liver, kidneys, and muscles. The study seeks to understand how pesticide exposure affects bird physiology and biochemistry. By investigating the effects of pesticides on Batair, the study contributes to our understanding of the potential risks posed by these chemicals to bird populations. Cyhalothrin and Monochrotophos decrease the contents of total protein in tissues, liver, kidney, and muscle of Coturnix coturnix significantly. Monochrotophos has even greater toxic effects than cyhalothrin. The impact of cyhalothrin was moderate, less consistent than that of monochrotophos, which produced a strong tissue-specific biological effect, probably due to its increased final toxicity and the wider metabolic interference. These results emphasize the physiological significance of the increased condition of organophosphate exposure in avian models and the necessity to apply strict control of these compounds to avoid ecological and health concerns.

How to Cite this paper?

APA- Style
R. Kanwal, H. Ali, S. Tasleem, & G.Yasmeen, (2025). Toxicological studies of Cyhalothrin (Pyrethroid) and Monochrotophos  (Organophosphate) on Total Protein Contents in Liver, Kidney, and Muscles of Coturnix coturnix. Pakistan Journal of Chemistry, 15(4), 93-100. https://doi.org/10.15228/2025.v15.i4.p93-100.

ACS Style
Kanwal R., Ali H., Tasleem S., and Yasmeen G., Toxicological studies of Cyhalothrin (Pyrethroid) and Monochrotophos  (Organophosphate) on Total Protein Contents in Liver, Kidney, and Muscles of Coturnix coturnix. Pakistan Journal of Chemistry, 15(4), 93-100. https://doi.org/10.15228/2025.v15.i4.p93-100.

AMA Style
Kanwal R; Ali H; Tasleem S; and Yasmeen G; Toxicological studies of Cyhalothrin (Pyrethroid) and Monochrotophos  (Organophosphate) on Total Protein Contents in Liver, Kidney, and Muscles of Coturnix coturnix. Pakistan Journal of Chemistry, 15(4), 93-100. https://doi.org/10.15228/2025.v15.i4.p93-100.

Chicago/Turabian Style
Kanwal R, Ali H, Tasleem S, and Yasmeen G, Toxicological studies of Cyhalothrin (Pyrethroid) and Monochrotophos  (Organophosphate) on Total Protein Contents in Liver, Kidney, and Muscles of Coturnix coturnix. (2025)   Pakistan Journal of Chemistry, 15(4), 93-100. https://doi.org/10.15228/2025.v15.i3.p93-100.