{"id":4213,"date":"2026-06-28T14:57:43","date_gmt":"2026-06-28T14:57:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/advances-of-nutrition-science-and-technology\/?p=4213"},"modified":"2026-07-02T06:51:07","modified_gmt":"2026-07-02T06:51:07","slug":"anst-0926","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/advances-of-nutrition-science-and-technology\/2026\/06\/28\/anst-0926\/","title":{"rendered":"Climate-Induced Variability in Secondary Metabolites of Indigofers heterantha: Implications for Conservation and Sustainable Mountain Agriculture"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"4213\" class=\"elementor elementor-4213\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ee46183 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ee46183\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c9b45bc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c9b45bc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d81d1ef elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d81d1ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<table border=\"0\" width=\"100%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" align=\"center\"><tbody><tr><td><div><strong>Research Article | Open Access<\/strong><\/div><div class=\"item doi\"><span class=\"value\">Volume 6 | Issue 03-4\u00a0 | Paper 09 |\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/ANST.v06.i3-4.p09.pdf\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/ANST.2026.v06.i03-4.p09<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><h4><strong><b>Climate-Induced Variability in Secondary Metabolites of <\/b><\/strong><strong><em><b>Indigofers heterantha:<\/b><\/em><\/strong><strong><b> Implications for Conservation and Sustainable Mountain Agriculture<\/b><\/strong><\/h4><div class=\"row\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9476-9579\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Irfan Ullah<\/strong><\/a><br \/>Department of Horticulture, The University of Agriculture, Swat. Pakistan<\/p><p><strong>Naveed Ahmad<\/strong><br \/>Department of Horticulture, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan<\/p><p><strong>Nisar Ahmad<\/strong><br \/>Center of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan<\/p><p><strong>Misbahullah<\/strong><br \/>Department of Entomology, The University of Agriculture, Swat. Sawat, Pakistan<\/p><p><strong>Muhammad Zamin<\/strong><br \/>Department of Horticulture, The University of Agriculture, Swat. Pakistan<\/p><p><strong>Muhammad Irshad<\/strong><br \/>Department of Horticulture, The University of Agriculture, Swat. Pakistan<\/p><p><strong>Arshad Alam<\/strong><br \/>Department of Horticulture, The University of Agriculture, Swat. Pakistan<\/p><p><strong>Iftikhar Aziz<\/strong><br \/>Department of Food Science and Technology, The University of Agriculture, Swat. Pakistan<\/p><p><strong>Khitab Ullah<\/strong><br \/>Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Swat, Pakistan<\/p><p><strong>Muhammad Adnan Khan<\/strong><br \/>Department of Allied Subjects, The University of Agriculture, Swat. Pakistan<\/p><div class=\"main_entry\"><table border=\"0\" width=\"93%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" align=\"center\"><tbody><tr><td align=\"center\" valign=\"top\"><strong>Received<\/strong><br \/>30 May, 2026<\/td><td align=\"center\" valign=\"top\"><strong>Accepted<\/strong><br \/>19 Jun, 2026<\/td><td align=\"center\" valign=\"top\"><strong>Published<\/strong><br \/>28 Jun, 2026<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><div class=\"item abstract\"><p align=\"justify\"><strong>ABSTRACT:<\/strong><\/p><p>Mountain ecosystems are highly vulnerable to climate change, which threatens the survival, distribution, and medicinal properties of indigenous plant species. <em><i>Indigofera heterantha<\/i><\/em>\u00a0(<em><i>I. heterantha<\/i><\/em>), an important Himalayan medicinal shrub, is traditionally used by mountain communities to treat various ailments. The present study was conducted to compare bioactive secondary metabolites and antioxidant activities between wild-grown and in vitro propagated plant materials of \u00a0<em><i>I. heterantha<\/i><\/em>\u00a0to explore sustainable conservation and climate-resilient utilization strategies for mountain agricultural systems. Young, healthy leaves, flowers, and roots of naturally growing plants, along with shoots and adventitious roots produced through in vitro culture techniques, were analyzed for total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and DPPH radical-scavenging activity (DRSA). Comparatively lower amounts of TPC and TFC were observed in the in vitro propagated plants. The highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents were recorded in root samples collected from the wild habitat, containing 3623.89 and 468.89 \u00b5g g\u207b\u00b9 dry weight (DW), respectively. Among the in vitro propagated materials, adventitious roots showed relatively higher TPC (2873.89 \u00b5g g\u207b\u00b9 DW) and TFC (360.81 \u00b5g g\u207b\u00b9 DW), followed by in vitro-induced roots with TPC and TFC values of 1420.19 and 308.28 \u00b5g g\u207b\u00b9 DW, respectively. Micro propagated shoots exhibited TPC and TFC values of 114.63 and 201.21 \u00b5g g\u207b\u00b9 DW, respectively, compared with wild-collected leaves containing 65.56 and 191.11 \u00b5g g\u207b\u00b9 DW. The highest DPPH radical-scavenging activity (63.43%) was recorded in leaves collected from the natural habitat, whereas in vitro-induced roots showed a DRSA of 46.75%. The lowest DPPH radical scavenging activity (30.63%) was observed in wild-collected root extracts. The findings indicate that environmental conditions and abiotic stresses associated with mountain ecosystems strongly influence secondary metabolite biosynthesis in <em><i>I. heterantha<\/i><\/em>. The study highlights the importance of integrating plant tissue culture and conservation biotechnology to support the sustainable use and climate-resilient conservation of medicinal plants in mountain agricultural systems.<\/p><p><strong><b>Keywords:<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0Climate change, Mountain ecosystems, Himalayan medicinal plants, <em>Indigofera heterantha<\/em>, Medicinal plant, Antioxidant Activity, Total Phenolics, Total Flavonoids,<\/p><p><strong>How to Cite this paper?<\/strong><\/p><\/div><div class=\"item abstract\"><div class=\"csl-entry\"><p><strong>APA-7 Style<\/strong><br \/>Ullah I., Ahmed N., Ahmed N., Misbahullah., Zamin M., Irshad M., Alam A., Aziz I., Ullah K., Khan M. A., (2026) Climate-Induced Variability in Secondary Metabolites of <em>Indigofers heterantha:<\/em>\u00a0Implications for Conservation and Sustainable Mountain Agriculture\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/ANST.v06.i3-4.p09.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Journal Advances of Nutrition Science and Technology<\/em>, 6(3-4), 64-69<\/a>. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/ANST.2026.v06.i03-4.p09<\/p><p><strong>ACS Style<\/strong><br \/>I. Ullah, N. Ahmed, N. Ahmed, Misbahullah., M. Zamin, M. Irshad, A. Alam, I. Aziz, K. Ullah, M. A. Khan, <em>Climate-Induced Variability in Secondary Metabolites of Indigofers heterantha:\u00a0Implications for Conservation and Sustainable Mountain Agriculture<\/em>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/ANST.v06.i3-4.p09.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Journal Advances of Nutrition Science and Technology<\/em>, 6(3-4), 64-69<\/a>. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/ANST.2026.v06.i03-4.p09<\/p><p><strong>AMA Style<\/strong><br \/>I. Ullah; N. Ahmed; N. Ahmed; Misbahullah; M. Zamin; M. Irshad; A. Alam; I. Aziz; K. Ullah; M. A. Khan; <em>Climate-Induced Variability in Secondary Metabolites of Indigofers heterantha: Implications for Conservation and Sustainable Mountain Agriculture (2026)<\/em>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/ANST.v06.i3-4.p09.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Journal Advances of Nutrition Science and Technology<\/em>, 6(3-4), 64-69<\/a>. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/ANST.2026.v06.i03-4.p09<\/p><p><strong>Chicago\/Turabian Style<\/strong><br \/>I Ullah, N Ahmed, N Ahmed, Misbahullah, M Zamin, M Irshad, A Alam, I Aziz, K Ullah, M A Khan, <em>Climate-Induced Variability in Secondary Metabolites of Indigofers heterantha:\u00a0Implications for Conservation and Sustainable Mountain Agriculture<\/em>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/ANST.v06.i3-4.p09.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Journal Advances of Nutrition Science and Technology<\/em>, 6(3-4), 64-69<\/a>. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/ANST.2026.v06.i03-4.p09<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"item copyright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"license\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i.creativecommons.org\/l\/by\/4.0\/88x31.png\" alt=\"Creative Commons License\" \/><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a742b78 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a742b78\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Research Article | Open AccessVolume 6 | Issue 03-4\u00a0 | Paper 09 |\u00a0 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/ANST.2026.v06.i03-4.p09 Climate-Induced Variability in Secondary Metabolites of Indigofers heterantha: Implications for Conservation and Sustainable Mountain Agriculture Irfan UllahDepartment of Horticulture, The University of Agriculture, Swat. Pakistan Naveed AhmadDepartment of Horticulture, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan Nisar AhmadCenter of Biotechnology and Molecular [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[34,36],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4213","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-34","category-issue-3-4-2026"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Climate-Induced Variability in Secondary Metabolites of Indigofers heterantha: Implications for Conservation and Sustainable Mountain Agriculture - The Journal Advances of Nutrition Science and Technology<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/advances-of-nutrition-science-and-technology\/2026\/06\/28\/anst-0926\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Climate-Induced Variability in Secondary Metabolites of Indigofers heterantha: Implications for Conservation and Sustainable Mountain Agriculture - The Journal Advances of Nutrition Science and Technology\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Research Article | Open AccessVolume 6 | Issue 03-4\u00a0 | Paper 09 |\u00a0 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/ANST.2026.v06.i03-4.p09 Climate-Induced Variability in Secondary Metabolites of Indigofers heterantha: Implications for Conservation and Sustainable Mountain Agriculture Irfan UllahDepartment of Horticulture, The University of Agriculture, Swat. 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