{"id":3545,"date":"2025-06-26T19:54:37","date_gmt":"2025-06-26T19:54:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/advances-of-nutrition-science-and-technology\/?p=3545"},"modified":"2025-07-29T18:03:52","modified_gmt":"2025-07-29T18:03:52","slug":"anst-1125","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/advances-of-nutrition-science-and-technology\/2025\/06\/26\/anst-1125\/","title":{"rendered":"Prescribing Practice of Nutritional Supplements: An Assessment of Prescribing Errors in Local Outpatient Settings"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"3545\" class=\"elementor elementor-3545\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4fb5a9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"4fb5a9a\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-92854fa e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"92854fa\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93fc468 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"93fc468\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<table border=\"0\" width=\"100%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" align=\"center\"><tbody><tr><td><div><strong>Research Article | Open Access<\/strong><\/div><div class=\"item doi\"><span class=\"value\">Volume 5 | Issue 3-4\u00a0 | Paper 11 |\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/advances-of-nutrition-science-and-technology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/07\/ANST.v05.i3-4.p11.pdf\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/ANST.2025.v05.i03-4.p11<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><article class=\"obj_article_details\"><h4><strong>Prescribing Practice of Nutritional Supplements: An Assessment of Prescribing Errors in Local Outpatient Settings<\/strong><\/h4><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"main_entry\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3743-684X\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rabia Bushra<\/a><br \/>Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy &amp; Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan<\/p><p><strong>Omer Mustapha<\/strong><br \/>Dow College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, \u00a0Pakistan<\/p><p><strong>Zuhaib Ahmed<\/strong><br \/>Dow College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, \u00a0Pakistan<\/p><p><strong>Javeria Ishaq<\/strong><br \/>Dow College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, \u00a0Pakistan.<\/p><p><strong>Uswah Saeed<\/strong><br \/>Dow College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, \u00a0Pakistan<\/p><p><strong>Kalpana Kumari<\/strong><br \/>Dow College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, \u00a0Pakistan.<\/p><table border=\"0\" width=\"93%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" align=\"center\"><tbody><tr><td align=\"center\" valign=\"top\"><strong>Received<\/strong><br \/>08 Jun, 2025<\/td><td align=\"center\" valign=\"top\"><strong>Accepted<\/strong><br \/>24 Jun, 2025<\/td><td align=\"center\" valign=\"top\"><strong>Published<\/strong><br \/>26 Jun, 2025<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><div class=\"item abstract\"><p align=\"justify\"><strong>ABSTRACT:<\/strong><\/p><p>Prescribing errors are a major concern in the healthcare system, particularly in low- to middle-income countries. Nutritional therapies are increasingly included in prescriptions without adequate assessment. These errors pose significant risks to patient health, leading to increased pharmacoeconomic burdens and potential harm. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and nature of prescribing errors, with a particular focus on the inclusion and appropriateness of nutritional therapies in outpatient settings. A sample of 400 prescriptions was selected based on convenience sampling from outpatient pharmacies over a six-month period (September 2024 &#8211; February 2025). Prescriptions were evaluated using a checklist to identify omission (missing information) and commission (incorrect information) errors. The checklist was constructed with a scoring method (any missing or error was scored as 1). Twenty-eight prescriptions (7.0%) were excluded from the study due to illegible writing. Among omission errors, the lack of authentication of prescriptions was observed, including prescribers&#8217; registration numbers (93.27%) and prescribers&#8217; qualification details (63.70%). While in commission errors, drug-drug interactions (66.93%), wrong strength (27.41%), and wrong frequency of medication (19.08%) were the major highlights. Of the 372 eligible prescriptions, 77% contained omission errors,<strong><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>and 23% had commission errors<strong><b>. <\/b><\/strong>Notably<strong><b>, <\/b><\/strong>nutritional supplements were prescribed in 28% (n = 104)<strong><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>of cases, including various vitamins (B-complexes and vitamin D), calcium, folic acid, zinc, and other minerals<strong><b>. <\/b><\/strong>Drug-drug interactions<strong><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>were observed in<strong><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>67% (n = 249)<strong><b>, i<\/b><\/strong>ncluding serious and avoidable combinations. Based on the findings, it is concluded that the high rate of prescribing errors and unchecked inclusion of nutritional supplements reflect systemic gaps in prescription practices. The implementation of technology, such as a CPOE (Computerized Physician Order Entry) system, to replace non-standardized handwritten prescriptions is an urgent need of the time. Furthermore, pharmacist involvement\u00a0is recommended, alongside more cautious use of nutritional therapies.<\/p><h4>How to Cite this paper?<\/h4><\/div><div class=\"item abstract\"><div class=\"csl-entry\"><p><strong>APA-7 Style<\/strong><br \/>Rabia B. Omer M<span style=\"font-size: 13.3333px\">. <\/span>Zuhaib A<span style=\"font-size: 13.3333px\">. <\/span>Javeria I<span style=\"font-size: 13.3333px\">. <\/span>Uswah S<span style=\"font-size: 13.3333px\">. <\/span>Kalpana K. (2025) Prescribing Practice of Nutritional Supplements: An Assessment of Prescribing Errors in Local Outpatient Settings.<em><i>\u00a0<\/i><\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/advances-of-nutrition-science-and-technology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/07\/ANST.v05.i3-4.p11.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Journal Advances of Nutrition Science and Technology<\/em>, 5(3-4), 80-86<\/a>. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/ANST.2025.v05.i03-4.p11.<\/p><p><strong>ACS Style<\/strong><br \/>B. Rabia, M. Omer, A. Zuhaib, I. Javeria, S. Uswah, K. Kalpana Prescribing Practice of Nutritional Supplements: An Assessment of Prescribing Errors in Local Outpatient Settings. <em><a href=\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/advances-of-nutrition-science-and-technology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/07\/ANST.v05.i3-4.p11.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Journal Advances of Nutrition Science and Technology, 5(3-4), 80-86<\/a>.<\/em> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/ANST.2025.v05.i03-4.p11.<\/p><p><strong>AMA Style<\/strong><br \/>B. Rabia, M. Omer, A. Zuhaib, I. Javeria, S. Uswah, K. Kalpana; <em>Prescribing Practice of Nutritional Supplements: An Assessment of Prescribing Errors in Local Outpatient Settings.<i>\u00a0<\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/advances-of-nutrition-science-and-technology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/07\/ANST.v05.i3-4.p11.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Journal Advances of Nutrition Science and Technology, 5(3-4), 80-86<\/a>.<\/em> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/ANST.2025.v05.i03-4.p11.<\/p><p><strong>Chicago\/Turabian Style<\/strong><br \/>B Rabia, M Omer, A Zuhaib, I Javeria, S Uswah, K Kalpana Prescribing Practice of Nutritional Supplements: An Assessment of Prescribing Errors in Local Outpatient Settings. <em>2025 <a href=\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/advances-of-nutrition-science-and-technology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/07\/ANST.v05.i3-4.p11.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Journal Advances of Nutrition Science and Technology, 5(3-4), 80-86<\/a>.<\/em> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/ANST.2025.v05.i03-4.p11.<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"item copyright\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"license\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i.creativecommons.org\/l\/by\/4.0\/88x31.png\" alt=\"Creative Commons License\" \/><\/a><\/p><p>This work is licensed under a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"license\">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/article>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f29a845 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f29a845\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Research Article | Open AccessVolume 5 | Issue 3-4\u00a0 | Paper 11 |\u00a0 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/ANST.2025.v05.i03-4.p11 Prescribing Practice of Nutritional Supplements: An Assessment of Prescribing Errors in Local Outpatient Settings Rabia BushraDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy &amp; Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan Omer MustaphaDow College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dow University of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30,32],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3545","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-30","category-issue-3-4-2025"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Prescribing Practice of Nutritional Supplements: An Assessment of Prescribing Errors in Local Outpatient Settings - The Journal Advances of Nutrition Science 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