{"id":3351,"date":"2025-05-22T13:45:38","date_gmt":"2025-05-22T13:45:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/advances-of-nutrition-science-and-technology\/?p=3351"},"modified":"2025-05-27T03:35:26","modified_gmt":"2025-05-27T03:35:26","slug":"anst-0925","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/advances-of-nutrition-science-and-technology\/2025\/05\/22\/anst-0925\/","title":{"rendered":"A Spatial Distribution of Tick Infestation in Livestock on the Western Side of the Indus Highway,\u00a0Karak, KPK, Pakistan"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"3351\" class=\"elementor elementor-3351\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-da936f8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"da936f8\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-401765b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"401765b\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c864af elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3c864af\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<table border=\"0\" width=\"100%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" align=\"center\"><tbody><tr><td><div><strong>Research Article | Open Access<\/strong><\/div><div class=\"item doi\"><span class=\"value\">Volume 5 | Issue 3-4\u00a0 | Paper 09 |\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/advances-of-nutrition-science-and-technology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/PJC.v15.i03-4.p09.pdf\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/ANST.2025.v05.i03-4.p09<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><article class=\"obj_article_details\"><h4><strong>A Spatial Distribution of Tick Infestation in Livestock on the Western <\/strong><strong>S<\/strong><strong>ide of <\/strong><strong>the <\/strong><strong>Indus Highway<\/strong><strong>,<\/strong><strong>\u00a0Karak, KPK, Pakistan<\/strong><\/h4><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"main_entry\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2520-2729\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Yumna Qandeel<\/strong><\/a><br \/>Department of Zoology, Islamia College Peshawar, Jamrod Road, University Campus, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 25120 Pakistan<\/p><p><strong>Fakhar-un-Nisa Yunus<\/strong><br \/>Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Lahore College for Women University, Jail Road, Lahore, \u00a0Pakistan<\/p><p><strong>Najiya al-Arifa<\/strong><br \/>Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Lahore College for Women University, Jail Road, Lahore, \u00a0Pakistan<\/p><p><strong>Abdul Qadeer<\/strong><sup>\u00a0<\/sup><br \/>Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Yuelu District, Changsha, Hunan, 410017, People&#8217;s Republic of China<\/p><p><strong>Fawad Ali<\/strong><br \/>State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and School of Life Sciences &amp; Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People&#8217;s Republic of China<\/p><p><strong>Ali Muhammad<\/strong><br \/>Department of Zoology, Islamia College Peshawar, Jamrod Road, University Campus, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 25120 Pakistan<\/p><table border=\"0\" width=\"93%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" align=\"center\"><tbody><tr><td align=\"center\" valign=\"top\"><strong>Received<\/strong><br \/>01 May, 2025<\/td><td align=\"center\" valign=\"top\"><strong>Accepted<\/strong><br \/>21 May, 2025<\/td><td align=\"center\" valign=\"top\"><strong>Published<\/strong><br \/>22 May, 2025<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><div class=\"item abstract\"><p align=\"justify\"><strong>ABSTRACT:<\/strong><\/p><p>Ticks are obligate hematophagous ectoparasites and key vectors of pathogens that pose significant risks to humans and livestock. Hard ticks (<em><i>Ixodidae<\/i><\/em>) and soft ticks (<em><i>Argasidae<\/i><\/em>) differ significantly in appearance, behavior, and growth. Ticks from the genera <em><i>Rhipicephalus<\/i><\/em>\u00a0and <em><i>Hyalomma<\/i><\/em>\u00a0within the <em><i>Ixodidae<\/i><\/em>\u00a0family are particularly significant. The objectives of the current study were to assess the prevalence of ticks on the western side of the Indus Highway in District Karak, KPK, Pakistan, based on host type, age, gender, month, and area. A survey was conducted between August 2020 and January 2021 in District Karak to investigate the role of ticks as disease vectors in livestock. The study involved the random observation of 397 animals. Results showed peak tick prevalence in August (97%) and September (95%), with the lowest rates in December (33%) and January (20%). Livestock over 5 years old had the highest prevalence (93.02%), while animals under 1 year old had the lowest (38.09%). Female animals had a higher prevalence (88.65%) than males (77.35%). Among 14 villages on the western side of the Indus highway in District Karak, Dabber Banda had the highest prevalence (99.90%), and Ahmed Wala had the lowest (58.30%). Two tick genera, <em>Rhipicephalus<\/em>\u00a0and <em>Hyalomma<\/em>, were identified in the study. The study found a significant prevalence of tick infestation in cows, sheep, and goats, with cows having the highest infestation rates. These results highlight the importance of further research to determine the economic losses associated with tick infestation and offer valuable insights into the varying levels of tick prevalence, emphasizing the need to understand the tick infestation on livestock in the region.<\/p><h4>How to Cite this paper?<\/h4><\/div><div class=\"item abstract\"><div class=\"csl-entry\"><p><strong>APA-7 Style<\/strong><\/p><p>Yumna Q., Fakhar-un-Nisa Y., Najiya al-A., Abdul Q., Fawad A., &amp; Ali M. A Spatial Distribution of Tick Infestation in Livestock on the Western Side of the Indus Highway, Karak, KPK, Pakistan.<em><i>\u00a0<\/i><\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/advances-of-nutrition-science-and-technology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/PJC.v15.i03-4.p09.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Journal Advances of Nutrition Science and Technology<\/em>, 5(3-4), 63-69<\/a>. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/ANST.2025.v05.i03-4.p09.<\/p><p><strong>ACS Style<\/strong><\/p><p>Q. Yumna, Y. Fakhar-un-Nisa, A. Najiya, Q. Abdul, A. Fawad, &amp; M. Ali: A Spatial Distribution of Tick Infestation in Livestock on the Western Side of the Indus Highway, Karak, KPK, Pakistan.<em><i>\u00a0<\/i><\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/advances-of-nutrition-science-and-technology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/PJC.v15.i03-4.p09.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Journal Advances of Nutrition Science and Technology<\/em>, 5(3-4), 63-69<\/a>. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/ANST.2025.v05.i03-4.p09.<\/p><p><strong>AMA Style<\/strong><\/p><p>Q. Yumna, Y. Fakhar-un-Nisa, A. Najiya, Q. Abdul, A. Fawad, &amp; M. Ali: <em>A Spatial Distribution of Tick Infestation in Livestock on the Western Side of the Indus Highway, Karak, KPK, Pakistan.<i>\u00a0<\/i><\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/advances-of-nutrition-science-and-technology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/PJC.v15.i03-4.p09.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Journal Advances of Nutrition Science and Technology<\/em>, 5(3-4), 63-69<\/a>. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/ANST.2025.v05.i03-4.p09.<\/p><p><strong>Chicago\/Turabian Style<\/strong><\/p><p>Q Yumna; Y Fakhar-un-Nisa; A Najiya; Q Abdul; A Fawad; &amp; M. Ali; A Spatial Distribution of Tick Infestation in Livestock on the Western Side of the Indus Highway, Karak, KPK, Pakistan. <em>2025<\/em> <em><i>\u00a0<\/i><\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/advances-of-nutrition-science-and-technology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/05\/PJC.v15.i03-4.p09.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Journal Advances of Nutrition Science and Technology<\/em>, 5(3-4), 63-69<\/a>. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/ANST.2025.v05.i03-4.p09.<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"item copyright\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"license\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i.creativecommons.org\/l\/by\/4.0\/88x31.png\" alt=\"Creative Commons License\" \/><\/a><\/p><p>This work is licensed under a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"license\">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/article>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f8634cc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f8634cc\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Research Article | Open AccessVolume 5 | Issue 3-4\u00a0 | Paper 09 |\u00a0 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/ANST.2025.v05.i03-4.p09 A Spatial Distribution of Tick Infestation in Livestock on the Western Side of the Indus Highway,\u00a0Karak, KPK, Pakistan Yumna QandeelDepartment of Zoology, Islamia College Peshawar, Jamrod Road, University Campus, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 25120 Pakistan Fakhar-un-Nisa YunusDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30,32],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3351","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-30","category-issue-3-4-2025"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>A Spatial Distribution of Tick Infestation in Livestock on the Western Side of the Indus Highway,\u00a0Karak, KPK, Pakistan - The Journal Advances of Nutrition Science and Technology<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/advances-of-nutrition-science-and-technology\/2025\/05\/22\/anst-0925\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" 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