{"id":9886,"date":"2026-04-06T20:01:17","date_gmt":"2026-04-06T20:01:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/?p=9886"},"modified":"2026-04-08T21:29:34","modified_gmt":"2026-04-08T21:29:34","slug":"pjc-0526","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/2026\/04\/06\/pjc-0526\/","title":{"rendered":"Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy\u00a0for Elemental Profiling and Plasma Diagnostics of Cosmetic Products"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"9886\" class=\"elementor elementor-9886\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-55fc84f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"55fc84f\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31e2785 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"31e2785\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d12f740 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d12f740\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<table border=\"0\" width=\"100%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" align=\"center\"><tbody><tr><td><div><strong>Research Article| Open Access<\/strong><\/div><div class=\"item doi\"><span class=\"value\">Volume 16 | Issue 01-2 | Page 38-44| <a href=\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/04\/PJC.v16.i01-2.p5.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2026.v16.i1-2.p05<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><h4><strong><b>Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy<\/b><\/strong><strong><b>\u00a0for Elemental Profiling and Plasma Diagnostics of Cosmetic Products<\/b><\/strong><\/h4><p><a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4094-4562\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Saifullah Jamali<\/strong><\/a><br \/>Institute of Physics, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 71000, Pakistan.<br \/>Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Materials, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.<\/p><p><strong>Nek Muhammad Shaikh<\/strong><br \/>Institute of Physics, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 71000, Pakistan<\/p><p><strong>Zhirong Zhang<\/strong><br \/>Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Materials, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.<\/p><p><strong>Hongbo Fu<\/strong><br \/>Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Materials, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.<\/p><p><strong>Waseem Ahmed Bhutto<\/strong><br \/>Institute of Physics, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 71000, Pakistan<\/p><p><strong>Abdul Majid Soomro<\/strong><br \/>Institute of Physics, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 71000, Pakistan<\/p><p><strong>Sanaullah Jamali<\/strong><br \/>University of Sindh, Laar Campus @ Badin, 72200, Pakistan<\/p><p><strong>Tarique Ali Siyal<\/strong><br \/>Institute of Physics, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 71000, Pakistan.<\/p><p><strong>Irfan Ali Sanjrani<\/strong><br \/>Institute of Physics, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 71000, Pakistan.<\/p><p><strong>Andleeb Soomro<\/strong><br \/>Institute of Physics, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 71000, Pakistan.<\/p><p><strong>Ramesha Saleem<\/strong><br \/>Institute of Physics, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 71000, Pakistan.<\/p><p><strong>Zaheer Ahmed Ujan<\/strong><\/p><p>Institute of Physics, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 71000, Pakistan.<\/p><p><strong>Muhammad Aslam Khoso<\/strong><br \/>Institute of Physics, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 71000, Pakistan.<\/p><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"main_entry\"><table border=\"0\" width=\"93%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" align=\"center\"><tbody><tr><td align=\"center\" valign=\"top\"><strong>Received<\/strong><br \/>26 Feb, 2026<\/td><td align=\"center\" valign=\"top\"><strong>Accepted<\/strong><br \/>31 Mar, 2026<\/td><td align=\"center\" valign=\"top\"><strong>Published<\/strong><br \/>06 Apr, 2026<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><div class=\"item abstract\"><p><strong>ABSTRACT:<\/strong><br \/>Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was employed for simultaneous elemental profiling and plasma diagnostics of commercially available cosmetic products\u00a0(face blusher and eyeshadow), motivated by growing concerns about toxic metal contamination and associated health risks, including skin irritation, neurological disorders, and carcinogenic effects. Plasma was generated under ambient conditions at atmospheric pressure in air using a Q-switched Nd:\u00a0YAG laser (532 nm, 5 ns pulse duration, 10 Hz repetition rate). Emission spectra were recorded in the 200\u2013720 nm range, enabling the detection of major and trace elements including Ca, Ti, Mn, Cu, Hg, Cr, Li, Ba, Pb, Na, Fe, Al, and Mg.\u00a0To ensure reproducibility, spectra were averaged over multiple laser shots at different spatial locations on each sample. Spatially resolved plasma diagnostics were performed to investigate the dynamics of laser\u2013matter interactions. The electron temperature, determined using the Boltzmann plot method under local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE), decreased from 14,151 K to 5,465 K for sample A and from 13,302 K to 4,157 K for sample B with increasing axial distance. Electron number density, estimated via Stark broadening, ranged from 6.08\u00d710\u00b9\u2076\u00a0to 1.24\u00d710\u00b9\u2076 cm\u207b\u00b3 and 1.03\u00d710\u00b9\u2077 to 1.98\u00d710\u00b9\u2076 cm\u207b\u00b3, respectively, consistent with typical LIBS plasma conditions.\u00a0Moreover, inverse bremsstrahlung absorption and the plasma frequency were evaluated to understand plasma evolution and energy-coupling mechanisms. The presence of toxic elements such as Pb and Hg emphasizes potential health risks and highlights the importance of rapid screening techniques. The results demonstrate that LIBS is a reliable, rapid, and non-destructive technique for cosmetic safety assessment and quality control.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> LIBS; Plasma diagnostics; Cosmetic analysis; Electron temperature; Electron density<\/p><p><strong>How to Cite this paper?<\/strong><\/p><\/div><div class=\"item abstract\"><div class=\"csl-entry\"><p><strong>APA- Style<\/strong><br \/>S. Jamali, N. M. Shaikh, Z. Zhang, H. Fu, W. A. Bhutto, A. M. Soomro, S. Jamali, T. A. Siyal, I. A. Sanjrani, A. Soomro, R. Saleem and M. A. Khoso, (2026). Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy\u00a0for Elemental Profiling and Plasma Diagnostics of Cosmetic Products, <a href=\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/04\/PJC.v16.i01-2.p5.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Pakistan Journal of Chemistry<\/em>, 16(1-2), 38-44.<\/a> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2026.v16.i1-2.p.38-44.<\/p><p><strong>ACS Style<\/strong><br \/>Jamali S., Shaikh N. M., Zhang Z., Fu H., Bhutto W. A., Soomro A. M., Jamali S., Siyal T. A., Sanjrani I. A., Soomro A., Saleem R. and Khoso M. A., Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy for Elemental Profiling and Plasma Diagnostics of Cosmetic Products, <a href=\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/04\/PJC.v16.i01-2.p5.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Pakistan Journal of Chemistry<\/em>, 16(1-2), 38-44.<\/a> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2026.v16.i1-2.p.38-44.<\/p><p><strong>AMA Style<\/strong><br \/>Jamali S; Shaikh N. M; Zhang Z; Fu H; Bhutto W. A; Soomro A. M; Jamali S; Siyal T. A; Sanjrani I. A; Soomro A; Saleem R; and Khoso M. A; <em>Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy for Elemental Profiling and Plasma Diagnostics of Cosmetic Products, (2026)<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/04\/PJC.v16.i01-2.p5.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Pakistan Journal of Chemistry<\/em>, 16(1-2), 38-44.<\/a> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2026.v16.i1-2.p.38-44.<\/p><p><strong>Chicago\/Turabian Style<\/strong><br \/>Jamali S, Shaikh N M, Zhang Z, Fu H, Bhutto W A, Soomro A M, Jamali S, Siyal T A, Sanjrani I A, Soomro A, Saleem R, and Khoso M A, <em>Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy for Elemental Profiling and Plasma Diagnostics of Cosmetic Products, (2026)<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/04\/PJC.v16.i01-2.p5.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Pakistan Journal of Chemistry<\/em>, 16(1-2), 38-44.<\/a> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2026.v16.i1-2.p.38-44.<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"license\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i.creativecommons.org\/l\/by\/4.0\/88x31.png\" alt=\"Creative Commons License\" \/><\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"item copyright\"><p>This work is licensed under a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"license\">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11a0cb9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"11a0cb9\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Research Article| Open AccessVolume 16 | Issue 01-2 | Page 38-44| https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2026.v16.i1-2.p05 Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy\u00a0for Elemental Profiling and Plasma Diagnostics of Cosmetic Products Saifullah JamaliInstitute of Physics, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 71000, Pakistan.Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Materials, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Sciences, Chinese [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[66,67],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9886","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-66","category-issue-1-2"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy\u00a0for Elemental Profiling and Plasma Diagnostics of Cosmetic Products - Pakistan Journal of Chemistry<\/title>\n<meta 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