{"id":9218,"date":"2025-11-07T19:29:01","date_gmt":"2025-11-07T19:29:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/?p=9218"},"modified":"2025-11-09T20:32:08","modified_gmt":"2025-11-09T20:32:08","slug":"pjc-1925","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/2025\/11\/07\/pjc-1925\/","title":{"rendered":"An investigation of Comparative Effects of Cypermethrin and Methamidophos on Acetylcholinesterase Activity in Ducklings of Mallard Duck (Anas platyrhynchos)"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"9218\" class=\"elementor elementor-9218\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d238467 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"d238467\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-077999c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"077999c\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-14594bb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"14594bb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<table border=\"0\" width=\"100%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" align=\"center\"><tbody><tr><td><div><strong>Research Article| Open Access<\/strong><\/div><div class=\"item doi\"><span class=\"value\">Volume 15 | Issue 4 | Page 121-131 | <a href=\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/11\/PJC.v15.i04.p19.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2025.v15.i4.p19<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><h4><strong><b>An investigation of Comparative Effects of Cypermethrin and Methamidophos on Acetylcholinesterase Activity in Ducklings of Mallard Duck (<\/b><\/strong><strong><em><b><i>Anas platyrhynchos<\/i><\/b><\/em><\/strong><strong><b>)<\/b><\/strong><\/h4><p><a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6248-1839\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>R. Kanwal<\/strong><\/a><br \/>Department of Zoology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan<\/p><p><strong>H. Ali<\/strong><br \/>Department of Zoology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan<\/p><p><strong>A. Rehmani<\/strong><br \/>Department of Zoology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan<\/p><p><strong>S. Siddiqui<\/strong><br \/>Department of Zoology, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science &amp; Technology, Karachi, Pakistan<\/p><p><strong>R. Naseem<\/strong><br \/>Department of Zoology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan<\/p><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"main_entry\"><table border=\"0\" width=\"93%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" align=\"center\"><tbody><tr><td align=\"center\" valign=\"top\"><strong>Received<\/strong><br \/>29 Nov, 2025<\/td><td align=\"center\" valign=\"top\"><strong>Accepted<\/strong><br \/>20 Oct, 2025<\/td><td align=\"center\" valign=\"top\"><strong>Published<\/strong><br \/>07 Nov, 2025<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><div class=\"item abstract\"><p>The current study aimed to compare acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in liver, kidney, and muscle tissues of ducklings (<em>Anas platyrhynchos<\/em>) following treatment with Cypermethrin (a pyrethroid) and Methamidophos (an organophosphate). Results showed a dose-dependent response (250 \u00b5g, 500 \u00b5g, and 1000 \u00b5g) in AChE activity at 30, 60, and 90 seconds. It was observed that cypermethrin displays a biphasic response, with initial inhibition of AChE followed by recovery or activation at higher doses (46.6-47.1 \u00b5g at 250 \u00b5g to 99-99.3 \u00b5g at 1000 \u00b5g). It may be related to enzyme induction, metabolic adaptation, or detoxification mechanisms in hepatic and muscular tissues. The pattern suggests moderate neurotoxicity, with potential for physiological compensation, as evidenced by the weight changes in the studied birds. Methamidophos exposure led to marked inhibition of AChE, consistent with organophosphate toxicity. Systemic enzyme suppression in liver (177\u2013182%) and kidney tissues showed potent inhibition at 1000 \u00b5g (47%), whereas in muscle tissues, a striking hyperactivation(177\u2013182%) was observed. The marked elevation of muscle AChE at the high dose may indicate neuromuscular hyperactivity or secondary enzymatic overexpression resulting from prolonged inhibition. The research concluded that it provided a more comprehensive insight into the neurotoxic actions and physiological responses of birds to pyrethroid and organophosphate compounds, which would help evaluate their potential ecological and environmental hazards.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"item abstract\"><h3 class=\"label\">How to Cite this paper?<\/h3><div class=\"csl-entry\"><p><strong>APA- Style<\/strong><\/p><p>R. Kanwal, H. Ali, A. Rehmani, S. Siddiqui, and R. Naseem (2025). An investigation of Comparative Effects of Cypermethrin and Methamidophos on Acetylcholinesterase Activity in Ducklings of Mallard Duck (<em><i>Anas platyrhynchos<\/i><\/em>) <a href=\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/11\/PJC.v15.i04.p19.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Pakistan Journal of Chemistry<\/em>, 15(4), 121-131.<\/a> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2025.v15.i4.p.121-131.<\/p><p><strong>ACS Style<\/strong><br \/>Kanwal R., Ali H., Rehmani A., Siddiqui S., and Naseem R. An investigation of Comparative Effects of Cypermethrin and Methamidophos on Acetylcholinesterase Activity in Ducklings of Mallard Duck (<em><i>Anas platyrhynchos<\/i><\/em>) <a href=\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/11\/PJC.v15.i04.p19.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Pakistan Journal of Chemistry<\/em>, 15(4), 121-131.<\/a> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2025.v15.i4.p.121-131.<\/p><p><strong>AMA Style<\/strong><\/p><p>Kanwal R; Ali H; Rehmani A; Siddiqui S; and Naseem R; An investigation of Comparative Effects of Cypermethrin and Methamidophos on Acetylcholinesterase Activity in Ducklings of Mallard Duck (<em><i>Anas platyrhynchos<\/i><\/em>). (2025) <a href=\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/11\/PJC.v15.i04.p19.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Pakistan Journal of Chemistry<\/em>, 15(4), 121-131.<\/a> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2025.v15.i4.p.121-131.<\/p><p><strong>Chicago\/Turabian Style<\/strong><\/p><p>Kanwal R, Ali H, Rehmani A, Siddiqui S, and Naseem R. <em>An investigation of Comparative Effects of Cypermethrin and Methamidophos on Acetylcholinesterase Activity in Ducklings of Mallard Duck (Anas platyrhynchos). (2025)<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/11\/PJC.v15.i04.p19.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Pakistan Journal of Chemistry<\/em>, 15(4), 121-131.<\/a> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2025.v15.i4.p.121-131.<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"license\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i.creativecommons.org\/l\/by\/4.0\/88x31.png\" alt=\"Creative Commons License\" \/><\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"item copyright\"><p>This work is licensed under a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"license\">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe53ce5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"fe53ce5\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Research Article| Open AccessVolume 15 | Issue 4 | Page 121-131 | https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2025.v15.i4.p19 An investigation of Comparative Effects of Cypermethrin and Methamidophos on Acetylcholinesterase Activity in Ducklings of Mallard Duck (Anas platyrhynchos) R. KanwalDepartment of Zoology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan H. AliDepartment of Zoology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan A. RehmaniDepartment of Zoology, University [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9218","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>An investigation of Comparative Effects of Cypermethrin and Methamidophos on Acetylcholinesterase Activity in Ducklings of Mallard Duck (Anas platyrhynchos) - Pakistan Journal of Chemistry<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/2025\/11\/07\/pjc-1925\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"An investigation of Comparative Effects of Cypermethrin and Methamidophos on Acetylcholinesterase Activity in Ducklings of Mallard Duck (Anas platyrhynchos) - Pakistan Journal of Chemistry\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Research Article| Open AccessVolume 15 | Issue 4 | Page 121-131 | https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2025.v15.i4.p19 An investigation of Comparative Effects of Cypermethrin and Methamidophos on Acetylcholinesterase Activity in Ducklings of Mallard Duck (Anas platyrhynchos) R. 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