{"id":8745,"date":"2025-06-10T19:04:12","date_gmt":"2025-06-10T19:04:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/?p=8745"},"modified":"2026-10-22T22:01:47","modified_gmt":"2026-10-22T22:01:47","slug":"pjc-1325","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/2025\/06\/10\/pjc-1325\/","title":{"rendered":"Acid, Base and Peroxide-Induced Degradation Response of Ciprofloxacin by UV-visible Spectrophotometer"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"8745\" class=\"elementor elementor-8745\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0702a1e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"0702a1e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-20cb558 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"20cb558\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f7403c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8f7403c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<table border=\"0\" width=\"100%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" align=\"center\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<div><strong>Research Article | Open Access<\/strong><\/div>\n<div><span>Volume 15| Issue 3 | Page 80-86 | <a href=\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/06\/PJC.v15.i03.p13.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2025.v15.i3.p13<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4><strong><b>Acid, Base and Peroxide-Induced Degradation Response of Ciprofloxacin by UV-visible Spectrophotometer<\/b><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8630-8644\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">S. Shamim<\/a><br>Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dow College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Ojha Campus, Karachi, Pakistan.<\/p>\n<p><strong>S. Shamim<\/strong><br>Department of Pharmacology, Dow College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Ojha Campus, Karachi, Pakistan.<\/p>\n<p><strong>T. Quds<\/strong><br>Department of Pharmacognosy, Dow College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Ojha Campus, Karachi, Pakistan.<\/p>\n<p><strong>M. M. Khan<\/strong><br>Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dow College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Ojha Campus, Karachi, Pakistan.<\/p>\n<p><strong>R. Munawar<\/strong><br>Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dow College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Ojha Campus, Karachi, Pakistan.<\/p>\n<p><strong>A. Arif<\/strong><br>Department of Zoology, University of Karachi, Pakistan.<\/p>\n<div>\n<div>\n<table border=\"0\" width=\"93%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" align=\"center\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"top\"><strong>Received<\/strong><br>15May, 2025<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"top\"><strong>Accepted<\/strong><br>08 Jun, 2025<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"top\"><strong>Published<\/strong><br>10 Jun, 2025<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div>\n<p>Fluoroquinolones are a crucial class of antibiotics, prescribed frequently worldwide for the treatment of various infections. Their stability studies still require considerable attention, as they are prone to rapid degradation. In this work, we aim to provide a straightforward, facile, yet reliable approach for stability studies of ciprofloxacin, a prominent member of this class, using a UV-Visible spectrophotometer. Ciprofloxacin was degraded by adopting a forced degradation approach under acidic (HCl, HNO<sub>3<\/sub>, H<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>4<\/sub>, H<sub>3<\/sub>PO<sub>4<\/sub>), basic (NaOH, KOH, Na<sub>2<\/sub>CO<sub>3,<\/sub>&nbsp;and NH<sub>3<\/sub>), and peroxides (H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>2<\/sub>) environments at ambient temperature (4\u00b0C, 26\u00b0C&nbsp;and 60\u00b0C) for 120 min, at 278 nm following ICH guidelines. The developed method&nbsp;exhibits linear regression and correlation coefficients of 0.99976, 0.99980, and 0.99940 for acids, bases, and peroxides, indicating close least squares lines obtained from experimental data. The percent drug recovery calculated indicates that ciprofloxacin degrades optimally with acids (65.67-53.39%) compared to bases (81.47-61.19%) and peroxides (80.96-75.24%), independent of temperature and concentration variations within studied period (120 min). Therefore, the developed method is applicable for analyzing and studying the stability of ciprofloxacin under stress conditions.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h3>How to Cite this paper?<\/h3>\n<div>\n<p><strong>APA- Style<\/strong><br>S. Shamim, S. Shamim, T. Quds, M. M. Khan<sub>, <\/sub>R. Munawar and A. Arif (2025). Acid, Base and Peroxide-Induced Degradation Response of Ciprofloxacin by UV-visible Spectrophotometer. &nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/06\/PJC.v15.i03.p13.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Pakistan Journal of Chemistry<\/em>, 15(3), 80-86.<\/a><font color=\"#61ce70\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.4px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/06\/PJC.v15.i03.p13.pdf\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2025.v15.i3.p13<\/a><\/span><\/font>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>ACS Style<\/strong><br>Shamim S; Shamim S; Quds T; Khan M. M; Munawar R; &amp; Arif A. Acid, Base and Peroxide-Induced Degradation Response of Ciprofloxacin by UV-visible Spectrophotometer. &nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/06\/PJC.v15.i03.p13.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Pak. J. Chem.<\/em>, 15(3), 80-86.<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2025.v15.i3.p13\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"font-size: 1rem\">&nbsp;https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2025.v15.i3.p13<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>AMA Style<\/strong><br>Shamim. S, Shamim. S, Quds. T, Khan. M M, Munawar. R, &amp; Arif. A, Acid, Base and Peroxide-Induced Degradation Response of Ciprofloxacin by UV-visible Spectrophotometer. &nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/06\/PJC.v15.i03.p13.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Pakistan Journal of Chemistry<\/em>, 15(3), 80-86.<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2025.v15.i3.p13\" target=\"_blank\">&nbsp;&nbsp;https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2025.v15.i3.p13<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Chicago\/Turabian Style<\/strong><br>Shamim S, Shamim S, Quds T, Khan M M, Munawar R, &amp; Arif A, <em>Acid, Base and Peroxide-Induced Degradation Response of Ciprofloxacin by UV-visible Spectrophotometer. 2025<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/06\/PJC.v15.i03.p13.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Pakistan Journal of Chemistry<\/em>, 15(3), 80-86.<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2025.v15.i3.p13\" target=\"_blank\">&nbsp;&nbsp;https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2025.v15.i3.p13<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"license\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i.creativecommons.org\/l\/by\/4.0\/88x31.png\" alt=\"Creative Commons License\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>This work is licensed under a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"license\">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8a73395 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8a73395\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Research Article | Open Access Volume 15| Issue 3 | Page 80-86 | https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2025.v15.i3.p13 Acid, Base and Peroxide-Induced Degradation Response of Ciprofloxacin by UV-visible Spectrophotometer S. ShamimDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dow College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Ojha Campus, Karachi, Pakistan. S. ShamimDepartment of Pharmacology, Dow College of Pharmacy, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8745","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Acid, Base and Peroxide-Induced Degradation Response of Ciprofloxacin by UV-visible Spectrophotometer - Pakistan Journal of Chemistry<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/2025\/06\/10\/pjc-1325\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Acid, Base and Peroxide-Induced Degradation Response of Ciprofloxacin by UV-visible Spectrophotometer - Pakistan Journal of Chemistry\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Research Article | Open Access Volume 15| Issue 3 | Page 80-86 | https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2025.v15.i3.p13 Acid, Base and Peroxide-Induced Degradation Response of Ciprofloxacin by UV-visible Spectrophotometer S. ShamimDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dow College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Ojha Campus, Karachi, Pakistan. S. 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