{"id":7781,"date":"2025-03-15T02:10:56","date_gmt":"2025-03-15T02:10:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/?p=7781"},"modified":"2025-03-21T21:26:18","modified_gmt":"2025-03-21T21:26:18","slug":"pjc-0425","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/2025\/03\/15\/pjc-0425\/","title":{"rendered":"Urea Fertilizer: A Journey from an Essential Nutrients to an Emerging Pollutant"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"7781\" class=\"elementor elementor-7781\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-585d903 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"585d903\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-74eba84 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"74eba84\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0f1aab elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c0f1aab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<table border=\"0\" width=\"100%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" align=\"center\"><tbody><tr><td><div><strong>Review Article | Open Access<\/strong><\/div><div class=\"item doi\"><span class=\"value\">Volume 15| Issue 1-2 | Page 23-30 | <a href=\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/03\/pjc-.v15.i1-2.p04.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2025.v15.i1-2.p04<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><h4><strong><b>Urea Fertilizer: A Journey from an Essential Nutrients to an Emerging Pollutant<\/b><\/strong><\/h4><p><a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6581-1402\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Z. Saeed<\/a><br \/>Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Science and Technology, Main Campus H-12 Islamabad, Pakistan.<\/p><p><strong>H. Habib<\/strong><br \/>Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Science and Technology, Main Campus H-12 Islamabad, Pakistan.<\/p><p><strong>A. Noor<\/strong><br \/>Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Science and Technology, Main Campus H-12 Islamabad, Pakistan.<\/p><p><strong>A. Gohar<\/strong><br \/>Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Science and Technology, Main Campus H-12 Islamabad, Pakistan.<\/p><p><strong>\u00a0M. Waqar <\/strong><br \/>Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Science and Technology, Main Campus H-12 Islamabad, Pakistan.<\/p><p><strong>Urooj<\/strong><br \/>Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Science and Technology, Main Campus H-12 Islamabad, Pakistan.<\/p><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"main_entry\"><table border=\"0\" width=\"93%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" align=\"center\"><tbody><tr><td align=\"center\" valign=\"top\"><strong>Received<\/strong><br \/>15 Jan, 2025<\/td><td align=\"center\" valign=\"top\"><strong>Accepted<\/strong><br \/>05 Mar, 2025<\/td><td align=\"center\" valign=\"top\"><strong>Published<\/strong><br \/>15 Mar, 2025<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><div class=\"item abstract\"><p>Urea, a cornerstone of modern agriculture, is widely recognized for its high nitrogen content and cost-effectiveness. Since the mid-20th century, it has played a critical role in enhancing crop yields and ensuring global food security. However, its excessive application has resulted in severe environmental consequences, including soil acidification, water eutrophication, and greenhouse gas emissions. This review presents a balanced perspective of urea that aims to optimize agricultural productivity while mitigating ecological harm. It also examines chemical properties, historical significance, and global usage trends alongside the environmental and health impacts of urea.<\/p><p>Additionally, this review article explores sustainable agricultural practices such as crop rotation, composting, and organic farming, as well as alternative nitrogen-based fertilizers derived from pharmaceuticals and biofuels. This literature survey is based on a comprehensive review of scientific literature, cross-referenced data from reliable sources, and an evaluation of global policies. By integrating scientific insights with policy discussions, this review presents a balanced perspective that aims to optimize agricultural productivity while mitigating environmental harm.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"item abstract\"><h3 class=\"label\">How to Cite this paper?<\/h3><div class=\"csl-entry\"><p><strong>APA-7 Style<\/strong><br \/>Saeed Z., Habib H., Noor A., Gohar A., Waqar M., and Urooj, (2025). Urea Fertilizer: A Journey from an Essential Nutrients to an Emerging Pollutant.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/03\/pjc-.v15.i1-2.p04.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Pakistan Journal of Chemistry<\/em>, 15(1-2), 23-30.<\/a> \u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2025.v15.i1-2.p23-30.<\/p><p><strong>ACS Style<\/strong><br \/>Saeed Z; Habib H; Noor A; Gohar A; Waqar M; and Urooj; Urea Fertilizer: A Journey from an Essential Nutrients to an Emerging Pollutant. <a href=\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/03\/pjc-.v15.i1-2.p04.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Pakistan Journal of Chemistry<\/em>, 15(1-2), 23-30.<\/a> \u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2025.v15.i1-2.p23-30<\/p><p><strong>AMA Style<\/strong><br \/>Saeed Z, Habib H, Noor A, Gohar A, Waqar M, and Urooj, Urea Fertilizer: A Journey from an Essential Nutrients to an Emerging Pollutant. <a href=\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/03\/pjc-.v15.i1-2.p04.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Pakistan Journal of Chemistry<\/em>, 15(1-2), 23-30.<\/a> \u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2025.v15.i1-2.p23-30<\/p><p><strong>Chicago\/Turabian Style<\/strong><br \/>Saeed Z., Habib H., Noor A., Gohar A., Waqar M., and Urooj. &#8220;Urea Fertilizer: A Journey from an Essential Nutrients to an Emerging Pollutant.&#8221; <a href=\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/03\/pjc-.v15.i1-2.p04.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Pakistan Journal of Chemistry<\/em>, 15(1-2), 23-30.<\/a> \u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2025.v15.i1-2.p23-30<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"item copyright\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"license\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i.creativecommons.org\/l\/by\/4.0\/88x31.png\" alt=\"Creative Commons License\" \/><\/a><\/p><p>This work is licensed under a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"license\">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a9a484 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0a9a484\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Review Article | Open AccessVolume 15| Issue 1-2 | Page 23-30 | https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2025.v15.i1-2.p04 Urea Fertilizer: A Journey from an Essential Nutrients to an Emerging Pollutant Z. SaeedDepartment of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Science and Technology, Main Campus H-12 Islamabad, Pakistan. H. HabibDepartment of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, National University of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7781","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Urea Fertilizer: A Journey from an Essential Nutrients to an Emerging Pollutant - Pakistan Journal of Chemistry<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/2025\/03\/15\/pjc-0425\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Urea Fertilizer: A Journey from an Essential Nutrients to an Emerging Pollutant - Pakistan Journal of Chemistry\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Review Article | Open AccessVolume 15| Issue 1-2 | Page 23-30 | https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2025.v15.i1-2.p04 Urea Fertilizer: A Journey from an Essential Nutrients to an Emerging Pollutant Z. SaeedDepartment of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Science and Technology, Main Campus H-12 Islamabad, Pakistan. H. 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