{"id":7724,"date":"2025-03-08T18:45:47","date_gmt":"2025-03-08T18:45:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/?p=7724"},"modified":"2025-04-03T21:02:47","modified_gmt":"2025-04-03T21:02:47","slug":"pjc-0325","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/2025\/03\/08\/pjc-0325\/","title":{"rendered":"Photo Redox Kinetics and Mechanistic Study of Methylene Blue and Paraphenydiamine"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"7724\" class=\"elementor elementor-7724\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70e752b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"70e752b\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-949b853 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"949b853\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-87f8836 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"87f8836\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<table border=\"0\" width=\"100%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" align=\"center\"><tbody><tr><td><div><strong>Research Article | Open Access<\/strong><\/div><div class=\"item doi\"><span class=\"value\">Volume 15| Issue 1-2 | Page 11-22 | <a href=\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/04\/PJC.v15.i1-2.p03.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2025.v15.i1-2.p03<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><h4 class=\"obj_article_details\"><strong><b>Photo Redox Kinetics and Mechanistic Study of Methylene Blue and Paraphenydiamine<\/b><\/strong><\/h4><p><a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5488-7821\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>T. Ahmed<\/strong><\/a><br \/>Photochemical Research Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi-75270, Pakistan<\/p><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"main_entry\"><p><strong>S. Iqbal<\/strong><br \/>Photochemical Research Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi-75270, Pakistan<\/p><p><strong>N. Ali<\/strong><br \/>Photochemical Research Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi-75270, Pakistan<\/p><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"main_entry\"><p><strong>I. M. \u00a0Adhami<\/strong><br \/>Photochemical Research Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi-75270, Pakistan<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"main_entry\"><table border=\"0\" width=\"93%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" align=\"center\"><tbody><tr><td align=\"center\" valign=\"top\"><strong>Received<\/strong><br \/>25 Jan, 2025<\/td><td align=\"center\" valign=\"top\"><strong>Accepted<\/strong><br \/>02 Mar, 2025<\/td><td align=\"center\" valign=\"top\"><strong>Published<\/strong><br \/>10 Mar, 2025<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><div class=\"item abstract\"><p>This article investigates the methylene blue (MB) dye reduction on a specially\u00a0designed optical bench under the radiation of 656 nm\u00a0through the oxidation of<strong>\u00a0<\/strong>p-phenylenediamine (PPDA), an\u00a0extreme sensitizer\u00a0in a methanolic solvent.\u00a0The oxidation of PPDA leads to the formation of polyaniline, a conductive polymer that is widely used in dye-sensitized applications and environmental remediation. Photoredox reaction studied on several acidic pH using\u00a0acetate buffer and parameters (i) acidity (H<sub>o<\/sub>) at the fixed concentration of dye (ii) various concentrations of PPDA, and (iii) temperature. The quantum yield was found to be a function of PPDA concentration, acidity, and temperature. It was concluded that a triplet transition state is involved in leuco dye formation and photo-oxidation of aromatic amine. It was also found that two equilibria were established between H<sup>+<\/sup>, dye, and PPDA (MB<sup>+<\/sup>. PPDA) and one form of triplet state of methylene blue with reductant PPDA. It was suggested that PPDA absorbed a photon of light and released 2 protons, which were abstracted by MB<sub>T,<\/sub>\u00a0resulting in the bleaching of dye or leuco dye formation.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"item abstract\"><h3 class=\"label\">How to Cite this paper?<\/h3><div class=\"csl-entry\"><p><strong>APA-7 Style<\/strong><\/p><p>Ahmed T., Imran S., Ali N., and Adhami I. M., (2025). Photo Redox Kinetics and Mechanistic Study of Methylene Blue and Paraphenydiamine<em>.<\/em>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/04\/PJC.v15.i1-2.p03.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Pakistan Journal of Chemistry<\/em>, 15(1-2), 11-22<\/a>. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2025.v15.i1-2.p11-22<\/p><p><strong>ACS Style<\/strong><br \/>Ahmed T; Imran S; Ali N; and Adhami I. M; Photo Redox Kinetics and Mechanistic Study of Methylene Blue and Paraphenydiamine<em>.<\/em>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/04\/PJC.v15.i1-2.p03.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Pakistan Journal of Chemistry<\/em>, 15(1-2), 11-22<\/a>. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2025.v15.i1-2.p11-22<\/p><p><strong>AMA Style<\/strong><br \/>Ahmed T, Imran S, Ali N and Adhami I. M, Photo Redox Kinetics and Mechanistic Study of Methylene Blue and Paraphenydiamine<em>.<\/em>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/04\/PJC.v15.i1-2.p03.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Pakistan Journal of Chemistry<\/em>, 15(1-2), 11-22<\/a>. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2025.v15.i1-2.p11-22<\/p><p><strong>Chicago\/Turabian Style<\/strong><br \/>Ahmed. T., Imran. S., Ali. N., and Adhami. I. M., &#8220;Photo Redox Kinetics and Mechanistic Study of Methylene Blue and Paraphenydiamine&#8221;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/04\/PJC.v15.i1-2.p03.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Pakistan Journal of Chemistry<\/em>, 15(1-2), 11-22<\/a>. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2025.v15.i1-2.p11-22<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"item copyright\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"license\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i.creativecommons.org\/l\/by\/4.0\/88x31.png\" alt=\"Creative Commons License\" \/><\/a><\/p><p>This work is licensed under a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"license\">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-68c09b1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"68c09b1\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Research Article | Open AccessVolume 15| Issue 1-2 | Page 11-22 | https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2025.v15.i1-2.p03 Photo Redox Kinetics and Mechanistic Study of Methylene Blue and Paraphenydiamine T. AhmedPhotochemical Research Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi-75270, Pakistan S. IqbalPhotochemical Research Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi-75270, Pakistan N. AliPhotochemical Research Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7724","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Photo Redox Kinetics and Mechanistic Study of Methylene Blue and Paraphenydiamine - Pakistan Journal of Chemistry<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/2025\/03\/08\/pjc-0325\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Photo Redox Kinetics and Mechanistic Study of Methylene Blue and Paraphenydiamine - Pakistan Journal of Chemistry\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Research Article | Open AccessVolume 15| Issue 1-2 | Page 11-22 | https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2025.v15.i1-2.p03 Photo Redox Kinetics and Mechanistic Study of Methylene Blue and Paraphenydiamine T. 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