{"id":3074,"date":"2024-05-01T21:24:00","date_gmt":"2024-05-01T21:24:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/pjc\/?p=3074"},"modified":"2025-11-29T14:22:36","modified_gmt":"2025-11-29T14:22:36","slug":"pjc-0424","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/2024\/05\/01\/pjc-0424\/","title":{"rendered":"Spectral Analysis of the Degradation of the Reactive Black 5 Dye Using Newly Developed Advanced Oxidation Process"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"3074\" class=\"elementor elementor-3074\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ea6d73a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ea6d73a\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3013470 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3013470\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e94db13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e94db13\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<table border=\"0\" width=\"100%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" align=\"center\"><tbody><tr><td><div><strong>Research Article | Open Access<\/strong><\/div><div class=\"item doi\"><span class=\"value\">Volume 14 | Issue 1-2 |\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/12\/PJC.v14.i1-2.p04.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2024.v14.i1-2.p04<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><article class=\"obj_article_details\"><h4 class=\"page_title\">Spectral Analysis of the Degradation of the Reactive Black 5 Dye Using Newly Developed Advanced Oxidation Process<\/h4><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"main_entry\"><p><span class=\"name\">M. Hasan<\/span><\/p><p>Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, 75270, Karachi, Pakistan<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5512-9173\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"name\">I. Malik<\/span><\/a><\/p><p>Department of Chemistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O.Box 1982, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia<\/p><table border=\"0\" width=\"93%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" align=\"center\"><tbody><tr><td align=\"center\" valign=\"top\"><strong>Received<\/strong><br \/>09 Jul, 2023<\/td><td align=\"center\" valign=\"top\"><strong>Accepted<\/strong><br \/>20 Mar, 2024<\/td><td align=\"center\" valign=\"top\"><strong>Published<\/strong><br \/>23 Mar, 2024<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><div class=\"item abstract\"><p class=\"ql-align-justify\">The present article discloses a new advanced oxidation process (AOP) to control organic Dye (Reactive Black (5) pollutants with all additives used in dye fabrication, which are discharged in running water streams. The new AOP mainly emphasizes to controlled urea used as a dye fixer on fabric in the textile industry. The AOP involves potassium permanganate as a potent oxidizing agent in which H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0was applied to convert urea into urea &#8211; H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>2<\/sub>complex that also acts as an oxidizing agent to convert organic compounds into smaller fragments helpful in organic dye decolorization. It was recognized that newly developed AOP is effective due to the presence of three oxidizing species, namely, permanganate ion, nascent oxygen [O] and Urea &#8211; H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>2<\/sub>complex. The spectral analysis of all trials was conducted at room temperature at several parameters, including urea, H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>2<\/sub>, RB5 dye, oxidant concentrations, and pH, followed by the determination of the kinetics of the oxidation. Spectral analysis of dye wastewater showed that dye degradation takes place through complex formation with MnO<sub>4<\/sub><sup>&#8211;<\/sup>ions. A pseudo first order oxidation kinetics with KMnO<sub>4<\/sub>\u00a0and urea while zero-order kinetics with dye and H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>2<\/sub>was established. The most significant advantage of this advanced oxidation process (AOP) is its optimal performance when potassium permanganate (KMnO<sub>4<\/sub>) is added at various pH levels in the last enduring H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0in this innovation with urea, and KMnO<sub>4<\/sub>(3e) can synergistically act better with the traditional AOP to accomplish the resourceful speedy and septicity free degradation method.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"item abstract\"><div><h3 class=\"label\">How to Cite this paper?<\/h3><div class=\"csl-entry\"><p><strong>APA-7 Style<\/strong><br \/>Hasan, M., Malik, I. (2024). Spectral Analysis of the Degradation of the Reactive Black 5 Dye Using Newly Developed Advanced Oxidation Process.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2024.v14.i1-2.p04\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Pakistan Journal of Chemistry<\/em>, 14(1-2), 31-41<\/a>. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2024.v14.i1-2.p04<\/p><p><strong>ACS Style<\/strong><br \/>Hasan, M.; Malik, I. Spectral Analysis of the Degradation of the Reactive Black 5 Dye Using Newly Developed Advanced Oxidation Process.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2024.v14.i1-2.p04\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Pak. J. Chem.<\/em>\u00a02024, 14, 31-41<\/a>. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2024.v14.i1-2.p04<\/p><p><strong>AMA Style<\/strong><br \/>Hasan M, Malik I. Spectral Analysis of the Degradation of the Reactive Black 5 Dye Using Newly Developed Advanced Oxidation Process.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2024.v14.i1-2.p04\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Pakistan Journal of Chemistry<\/em>. 2024; 14(1-2): 31-41<\/a>. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2024.v14.i1-2.p04<\/p><p><strong>Chicago\/Turabian Style<\/strong><br \/>Hasan, M., and I. Malik. 2024. &#8220;Spectral Analysis of the Degradation of the Reactive Black 5 Dye Using Newly Developed Advanced Oxidation Process&#8221;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2024.v14.i1-2.p04\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Pakistan Journal of Chemistry<\/em>\u00a014, no. 1-2: 31-41<\/a>. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2024.v14.i1-2.p04<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"item copyright\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"license\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i.creativecommons.org\/l\/by\/4.0\/88x31.png\" alt=\"Creative Commons License\" \/><\/a><\/p><p>This work is licensed under a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"license\">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/article>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-864632b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"864632b\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Research Article | Open AccessVolume 14 | Issue 1-2 |\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2024.v14.i1-2.p04 Spectral Analysis of the Degradation of the Reactive Black 5 Dye Using Newly Developed Advanced Oxidation Process M. Hasan Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, 75270, Karachi, Pakistan I. Malik Department of Chemistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O.Box 1982, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia Received09 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3074","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Spectral Analysis of the Degradation of the Reactive Black 5 Dye Using Newly Developed Advanced Oxidation Process - Pakistan Journal of Chemistry<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/2024\/05\/01\/pjc-0424\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Spectral Analysis of the Degradation of the Reactive Black 5 Dye Using Newly Developed Advanced Oxidation Process - Pakistan Journal of Chemistry\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Research Article | Open AccessVolume 14 | Issue 1-2 |\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2024.v14.i1-2.p04 Spectral Analysis of the Degradation of the Reactive Black 5 Dye Using Newly Developed Advanced Oxidation Process M. Hasan Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, 75270, Karachi, Pakistan I. 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