{"id":3071,"date":"2024-03-01T21:23:00","date_gmt":"2024-03-01T21:23:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/pjc\/?p=3071"},"modified":"2025-12-13T20:09:08","modified_gmt":"2025-12-13T20:09:08","slug":"pjc-0124","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/2024\/03\/01\/pjc-0124\/","title":{"rendered":"Permanganate Aerobic oxidation of Drimarene Blue-HFRL under diverse pH and impact on Chemical oxygen demand of the dye wastewater"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"3071\" class=\"elementor elementor-3071\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-722b612 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"722b612\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-814ae16 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"814ae16\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-14622eb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"14622eb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<table border=\"0\" width=\"100%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" align=\"center\"><tbody><tr><td><div><strong>Research Article | Open Access<\/strong><\/div><div class=\"item doi\"><span class=\"value\">Volume 14 | Issue 1-2 |\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/12\/PJC.v14.i1-2.p01.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2024.v14.i1-2.p01<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><article class=\"obj_article_details\"><h4 class=\"page_title\">Permanganate Aerobic oxidation of Drimarene Blue-HFRL under diverse pH and impact on Chemical oxygen demand of the dye wastewater<\/h4><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"main_entry\"><p><span class=\"name\">M. Farhan<\/span><\/p><p>Photochemistry Research Lab., Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5488-7821\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"name\">T. Ahmed\u00a0<\/span><\/a><\/p><p>Photochemistry Research Lab., Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan<\/p><p><span class=\"name\">S. Manzoor<\/span><\/p><p>Photochemistry Research Lab., Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan<\/p><p><span class=\"name\">M. Ejaz<\/span><\/p><p>PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Karachi<\/p><table border=\"0\" width=\"93%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" align=\"center\"><tbody><tr><td align=\"center\" valign=\"top\"><strong>Received<\/strong><br \/>04 Dec, 2023<\/td><td align=\"center\" valign=\"top\"><strong>Accepted<\/strong><br \/>20 Feb, 2024<\/td><td align=\"center\" valign=\"top\"><strong>Published<\/strong><br \/>28 Mar, 2024<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><div class=\"item abstract\"><p class=\"ql-align-justify\">This study aimed to explore the oxidation kinetics of reactive Drimaren Blue-HFRL (DB-HFRL), leading to its degradation by permanganate ions under diverse pH conditions at \u03bb<sub>max<\/sub>610nm using a spectrophotometer. The oxidation reaction of DB-HFRL was observed on several parameters in acidic and alkaline solutions, such as dye and potassium permanganate (KMnO<sub>4<\/sub>) dosage, pH, reaction time, and temperature. The oxidative products were analyzed through IR spectroscopy, followed by the determination of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand(BOD) of reaction mixtures. The change in pH on the oxidation capability of KMnO<sub>4<\/sub>\u00a0was monitored under mono, di, and tri protic acids and an alkaline medium. Results showed that oxidation leading to degradation was higher at low pH compared to higher pH. The percent decolorization\/ oxidation of dye waste effluent was rapid at higher concentrations of KMnO<sub>4<\/sub>\u00a0in the presence of different acids such as CH<sub>3<\/sub>COOH, H<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>4,<\/sub>and H<sub>3<\/sub>PO<sub>4<\/sub>\u00a0(76.19%) while minimum in alkaline medium (17.19%). It was observed that the dye decolorization rate was directly proportional to the hydrogen ion concentration in a given acidic medium (tri-protic acid, H<sub>3<\/sub>PO<sub>4<\/sub>). This indicates that H ions are significant in dye colour removal and renovation of wastewater. COD of the laboratory scale prepared wastewater (4500mg\/L) showed the effectiveness of the developed process where a remarkable decline in chemical oxygen demand (COD) was observed in an acidic medium. This study establishes a cost-effective method to treat textile effluent to protect the ecosystem.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"item abstract\"><div><h3 class=\"label\">How to Cite this paper?<\/h3><div class=\"csl-entry\"><p><strong>APA-7 Style<\/strong><br \/>Farhan, M., Ahmed, T., Manzoor, S., Ejaz, M. (2024). Permanganate Aerobic oxidation of Drimarene Blue-HFRL under diverse pH and impact on Chemical oxygen demand of the dye wastewater.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/12\/PJC.v14.i1-2.p01.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Pakistan Journal of Chemistry<\/em>, 14(1-2), 1-7<\/a>. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2024.v14.i1-2.p01<\/p><p><strong>ACS Style<\/strong><br \/>Farhan, M.; Ahmed, T.; Manzoor, S.; Ejaz, M. Permanganate Aerobic oxidation of Drimarene Blue-HFRL under diverse pH and impact on Chemical oxygen demand of the dye wastewater.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/12\/PJC.v14.i1-2.p01.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Pak. J. Chem.<\/em>\u00a02024, 14, 1-7<\/a>. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2024.v14.i1-2.p01<\/p><p><strong>AMA Style<\/strong><br \/>Farhan M, Ahmed T, Manzoor S, Ejaz M. Permanganate Aerobic oxidation of Drimarene Blue-HFRL under diverse pH and impact on Chemical oxygen demand of the dye wastewater.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/12\/PJC.v14.i1-2.p01.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Pakistan Journal of Chemistry<\/em>. 2024; 14(1-2): 1-7<\/a>. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2024.v14.i1-2.p01<\/p><p><strong>Chicago\/Turabian Style<\/strong><br \/>Farhan, M., T. Ahmed, S. Manzoor, and M. Ejaz. 2024. &#8220;Permanganate Aerobic oxidation of Drimarene Blue-HFRL under diverse pH and impact on Chemical oxygen demand of the dye wastewater&#8221;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/12\/PJC.v14.i1-2.p01.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Pakistan Journal of Chemistry<\/em>\u00a014, no. 1-2: 1-7<\/a>. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2024.v14.i1-2.p01<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"item copyright\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"license\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i.creativecommons.org\/l\/by\/4.0\/88x31.png\" alt=\"Creative Commons License\" \/><\/a><\/p><p>This work is licensed under a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"license\">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/article>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d453fd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1d453fd\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Research Article | Open AccessVolume 14 | Issue 1-2 |\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2024.v14.i1-2.p01 Permanganate Aerobic oxidation of Drimarene Blue-HFRL under diverse pH and impact on Chemical oxygen demand of the dye wastewater M. Farhan Photochemistry Research Lab., Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan T. Ahmed\u00a0 Photochemistry Research Lab., Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3071","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Permanganate Aerobic oxidation of Drimarene Blue-HFRL under diverse pH and impact on Chemical oxygen demand of the dye wastewater - Pakistan Journal of Chemistry<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/2024\/03\/01\/pjc-0124\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Permanganate Aerobic oxidation of Drimarene Blue-HFRL under diverse pH and impact on Chemical oxygen demand of the dye wastewater - Pakistan Journal of Chemistry\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Research Article | Open AccessVolume 14 | Issue 1-2 |\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2024.v14.i1-2.p01 Permanganate Aerobic oxidation of Drimarene Blue-HFRL under diverse pH and impact on Chemical oxygen demand of the dye wastewater M. 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