{"id":3047,"date":"2023-12-10T21:07:00","date_gmt":"2023-12-10T21:07:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/pjc\/?p=3047"},"modified":"2025-06-13T11:56:51","modified_gmt":"2025-06-13T11:56:51","slug":"pjc-0923","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/2023\/12\/10\/pjc-0923\/","title":{"rendered":"Development of Waterproof Cum Heat Resistant, Montmorillonite Clay Modified High-Pressure Plywood Composite from Renewable-Nonedible Agricultural Wastes \u2013 An Industrial Case Study of \u2018Flask to Reactor\u2019 Approach"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"3047\" class=\"elementor elementor-3047\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-74106d3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"74106d3\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5627a56 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5627a56\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d9ca7e8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d9ca7e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pkp_content_main\" class=\"pkp_structure_main\" role=\"main\">\n<div class=\"page page_article\">\n<table border=\"0\" width=\"100%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" align=\"center\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<div><strong>Research Article | Open Access<\/strong><\/div>\n<div class=\"item doi\"><span class=\"value\">Volume 13 | Issue 3-4 |&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/01\/PJC.v13.i03-4.p03.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2023.v13.i03-4.p03<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<article class=\"obj_article_details\">\n<h4>Development of Waterproof Cum Heat Resistant, Montmorillonite Clay Modified High-Pressure Plywood Composite from Renewable-Nonedible Agricultural Wastes \u2013 An Industrial Case Study of \u2018Flask to Reactor\u2019 Approach<\/h4>\n<div class=\"row\">\n<div class=\"main_entry\">\n<p><span class=\"name\">M. Akram<\/span><\/p>\n<p>School of Natural Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, H-12, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"name\">M.Z. Asad<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"name\">S.M. Zehra<\/span><\/p>\n<p>School of Natural Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, H-12, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"name\">S. Iram<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Rawalpindi Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"name\">A. Farooq<\/span><\/p>\n<p>School of Natural Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, H-12, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"name\">A. Mahmood<\/span><\/p>\n<p>School of Natural Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, H-12, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"name\">M. Arfan<\/span><\/p>\n<p>School of Natural Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, H-12, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"name\">S.T. Hussain Shah<\/span><\/p>\n<p>College of Electrical &amp; Mechanical Engineering, National University of Sciences &amp; Technology, Sector H-12, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan<\/p>\n<table border=\"0\" width=\"93%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" align=\"center\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"top\"><strong>Received<\/strong><br>20 May, 2023<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"top\"><strong>Accepted<\/strong><br>05 Jul, 2023<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"top\"><strong>Published<\/strong><br>04 Aug, 2023<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div class=\"item abstract\">\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">A sustainable development model demands an economical transition of product synthesis from \u2018Flask to Reactor,\u2019 which demands synchronization between universities, industries and funding agencies. In our lab, we have successfully developed a prototype method for synthesizing adhesive phenol-furfural resin from extracts of&nbsp;<em>Saccharum munja<\/em>&nbsp;while biomass residues of this feedstock extraction were employed as filling materials for manufacturing plywood samples. This designed method has the advantage of no leftover waste material. Moreover, waterproofing, heat resistance and mechanical strength were improved by impregnating functionalized montmorillonite clay into these prepared plywood samples. Subsequently, water and fire-resistant wood composite (MDF) was developed from agricultural residue on a pilot plant scale (<em>Saccharum munja<\/em>). Green precursor furfural (for resin\/glue synthesis) was extracted from agricultural residue (<em>Saccharum munja<\/em>&nbsp;and peanut plant) on a pilot plant scale. Organic functionalization clay was also synthesized and incorporated during resin (Phenol-Furfural) preparation. Plant materials left after furfural extraction were further used for wood composite (MDF) preparation by hot pressing of plant residue and resin. Characterization and evaluation of prototype wood composite products were also performed for fire and waterproof analysis. Results have shown that prepared samples have good fire and water-resistant activities. This product will be a good candidate for the wood composite market and is green. Furfural, used for resin synthesis, is a potential replacement for carcinogenic formaldehyde, which is largely used in wood composite and plywood industries. Pakistan is an agricultural country and is enriched with mineral reservoirs. Fortunately, raw materials required for this project, i.e. renewable biomass including agricultural residue and nonedible plants, and minerals, i.e. montmorillonite clay, are available in ample quantities. Thus, this project has good potential to develop cost-effective and improved quality plywood products that are marketable and can generate positive cash flow. TTSF platform was employed to support promising partnerships between academia (HEC &amp; NUST) and industry (KDC Boards (Pvt) Ltd, Woodworld (Pvt) Ltd &amp; TASCO Mines (LLP)) to facilitate the transfer of university-developed technological research to industry and the commercial sector.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"item abstract\">\n<div>\n<h3 class=\"label\">How to Cite this paper?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"csl-entry\">\n<p><strong>APA-7 Style<\/strong><br>Akram, M., Asad, M.Z., Zehra, S.M., Iram, S., Farooq, A., Mahmood, A., Arfan, M., Hussain Shah, S.T. (2023). Development of Waterproof Cum Heat Resistant, Montmorillonite Clay Modified High-Pressure Plywood Composite from Renewable-Nonedible Agricultural Wastes \u2013 An Industrial Case Study of \u2018Flask to Reactor\u2019 Approach.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2023.v13.i03-4.p03\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Pakistan Journal of Chemistry<\/em>, 13(3-4), 81-87<\/a>. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2023.v13.i03-4.p03<\/p>\n<p><strong>ACS Style<\/strong><br>Akram, M.; Asad, M.Z.; Zehra, S.M.; Iram, S.; Farooq, A.; Mahmood, A.; Arfan, M.; Hussain Shah, S.T. Development of Waterproof Cum Heat Resistant, Montmorillonite Clay Modified High-Pressure Plywood Composite from Renewable-Nonedible Agricultural Wastes \u2013 An Industrial Case Study of \u2018Flask to Reactor\u2019 Approach.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2023.v13.i03-4.p03\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Pak. J. Chem.<\/em>&nbsp;2023, 13, 81-87<\/a>. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2023.v13.i03-4.p03<\/p>\n<p><strong>AMA Style<\/strong><br>Akram M, Asad MZ, Zehra SM, Iram S, Farooq A, Mahmood A, Arfan M, Hussain Shah ST. Development of Waterproof Cum Heat Resistant, Montmorillonite Clay Modified High-Pressure Plywood Composite from Renewable-Nonedible Agricultural Wastes \u2013 An Industrial Case Study of \u2018Flask to Reactor\u2019 Approach.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2023.v13.i03-4.p03\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Pakistan Journal of Chemistry<\/em>. 2023; 13(3-4): 81-87<\/a>. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2023.v13.i03-4.p03<\/p>\n<p><strong>Chicago\/Turabian Style<\/strong><br>Akram, M., M. Z. Asad, S. M. Zehra, S. Iram, A. Farooq, A. Mahmood, M. Arfan, and S. T. Hussain Shah. 2023. &#8220;Development of Waterproof Cum Heat Resistant, Montmorillonite Clay Modified High-Pressure Plywood Composite from Renewable-Nonedible Agricultural Wastes \u2013 An Industrial Case Study of \u2018Flask to Reactor\u2019 Approach&#8221;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2023.v13.i03-4.p03\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Pakistan Journal of Chemistry<\/em>&nbsp;13, no. 3-4: 81-87<\/a>. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2023.v13.i03-4.p03<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"item copyright\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"license\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i.creativecommons.org\/l\/by\/4.0\/88x31.png\" alt=\"Creative Commons License\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>This work is licensed under a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"license\">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pkp_structure_sidebar left\" role=\"complementary\" aria-label=\"Sidebar\">&nbsp;<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-108b0c6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"108b0c6\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Research Article | Open Access Volume 13 | Issue 3-4 |&nbsp;https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2023.v13.i03-4.p03 Development of Waterproof Cum Heat Resistant, Montmorillonite Clay Modified High-Pressure Plywood Composite from Renewable-Nonedible Agricultural Wastes \u2013 An Industrial Case Study of \u2018Flask to Reactor\u2019 Approach M. Akram School of Natural Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, H-12, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan M.Z. Asad [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3047","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Development of Waterproof Cum Heat Resistant, Montmorillonite Clay Modified High-Pressure Plywood Composite from Renewable-Nonedible Agricultural Wastes \u2013 An Industrial Case Study of \u2018Flask to Reactor\u2019 Approach - Pakistan Journal of Chemistry<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/2023\/12\/10\/pjc-0923\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Development of Waterproof Cum Heat Resistant, Montmorillonite Clay Modified High-Pressure Plywood Composite from Renewable-Nonedible Agricultural Wastes \u2013 An Industrial Case Study of \u2018Flask to Reactor\u2019 Approach - Pakistan Journal of Chemistry\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Research Article | Open Access Volume 13 | Issue 3-4 |&nbsp;https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2023.v13.i03-4.p03 Development of Waterproof Cum Heat Resistant, Montmorillonite Clay Modified High-Pressure Plywood Composite from Renewable-Nonedible Agricultural Wastes \u2013 An Industrial Case Study of \u2018Flask to Reactor\u2019 Approach M. 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