{"id":3015,"date":"2023-06-10T20:44:00","date_gmt":"2023-06-10T20:44:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/pjc\/?p=3015"},"modified":"2025-09-16T19:42:14","modified_gmt":"2025-09-16T19:42:14","slug":"pjc-0323","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/2023\/06\/10\/pjc-0323\/","title":{"rendered":"Cd and Cr Metals Burden in Fruits and Vegetables of Southern European Countries: A Review"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"3015\" class=\"elementor elementor-3015\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cf35357 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cf35357\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b8b2655 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b8b2655\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-046253a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"046253a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<table border=\"0\" width=\"100%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" align=\"center\"><tbody><tr><td><div><strong>Review Article | Open Access<\/strong><\/div><div class=\"item doi\"><span class=\"value\">Volume 13 | Issue 1-2 |\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/09\/PJC.v13.i01-2.p3.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2023.v13.i01-2.p03<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><article class=\"obj_article_details\"><h4>Cd and Cr Metals Burden in Fruits and Vegetables of Southern European Countries: A Review<\/h4><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"main_entry\"><p><span class=\"name\">U. Islam<\/span><\/p><p>National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan<\/p><p><span class=\"name\">F. Taqdees<\/span><\/p><p>National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan<\/p><p><span class=\"name\">R. Zahoor<\/span><\/p><p>National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan<\/p><p><span class=\"name\">F. Asad<\/span><\/p><p>National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan<\/p><p><span class=\"name\">A. Gul<\/span><\/p><p>National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan<\/p><p><span class=\"name\">H. Batool<\/span><\/p><p>National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan<\/p><p><span class=\"name\">A. Mahmood<\/span><\/p><p>National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan<\/p><table border=\"0\" width=\"93%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" align=\"center\"><tbody><tr><td align=\"center\" valign=\"top\"><strong>Received<\/strong><br \/>21 Nov, 2022<\/td><td align=\"center\" valign=\"top\"><strong>Accepted<\/strong><br \/>15 Feb, 2023<\/td><td align=\"center\" valign=\"top\"><strong>Published<\/strong><br \/>15 Mar, 2023<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><div class=\"item abstract\"><p class=\"ql-align-justify\">The Cadmium (Cd) and Chromium (Cr) burden in fruits and vegetables in Southern European countries such as Turkey, Spain, Italy, Kosovo, Croatia, Greece, and Romania are compared and analyzed in this review article to account for any significant differences. Potential sources of the metals and their health issues have been underlined. Various reasons for the extent of the metals&#8217; uptake are highlighted, including species&#8217; nature, soil pH and atmospheric conditions. In Croatia, the highest Cd burden was observed in lettuce (1.16\u00b10.24 mg\/kg), followed by carrot (0.49\u00b10.18 mg\/kg) and onion (0.28\u00b10.08 mg\/kg). The concentration of Cd in peppermint and spinach has been reported as 0.004\u00b10.001<em>\u00a0<\/em>\u03bcg\/g and 0.024\u00b10.001 \u03bcg\/g, respectively, in Turkey. Spain&#8217;s strawberries, melon, and bananas have shown 0.0025 mg\/kg, 0.0028 mg\/kg, and 0.0005 mg\/kg of Cd, respectively. The Cr level in Croatia&#8217;s vegetables was less than the instrument&#8217;s detection limit. In Romania, its concentration in cabbage and potato root was 17.5 \u00b1 0.7 mg\/kg and 4.7 \u00b1 0.3 mg\/kg, respectively. Similarly, in Greece, the highest levels of Cr were found in green peas (0.21 \u00b1 0.03 \u03bcg\/g ), followed by onion (0.16 \u00b1 0.07 \u03bcg\/g) and cabbage (0.13 \u00b1 0.08 \u03bcg\/g). The fruits and vegetables of most regions have shown a greater burden of Cd than Cr. Several strategies could be implemented to minimize the extent to which the plants take up these metals and reduce their environmental risks.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"item abstract\"><div><h3 class=\"label\">How to Cite this paper?<\/h3><div class=\"csl-entry\"><p><strong>APA-7 Style<\/strong><br \/>Islam, U., Taqdees, F., Zahoor, R., Asad, F., Gul, A., Batool, H., Mahmood, A. (2023). Cd and Cr Metals Burden in Fruits and Vegetables of Southern European Countries: A Review.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/09\/PJC.v13.i01-2.p3.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Pakistan Journal of Chemistry<\/em>, 13(1-2), 19-37<\/a>. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2023.v13.i01-2.p03<\/p><p><strong>ACS Style<\/strong><br \/>Islam, U.; Taqdees, F.; Zahoor, R.; Asad, F.; Gul, A.; Batool, H.; Mahmood, A. Cd and Cr Metals Burden in Fruits and Vegetables of Southern European Countries: A Review.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/09\/PJC.v13.i01-2.p3.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Pak. J. Chem.<\/em>\u00a02023, 13, 19-37<\/a>. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2023.v13.i01-2.p03<\/p><p><strong>AMA Style<\/strong><br \/>Islam U, Taqdees F, Zahoor R, Asad F, Gul A, Batool H, Mahmood A. Cd and Cr Metals Burden in Fruits and Vegetables of Southern European Countries: A Review.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/09\/PJC.v13.i01-2.p3.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Pakistan Journal of Chemistry<\/em>. 2023; 13(1-2): 19-37<\/a>. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2023.v13.i01-2.p03<\/p><p><strong>Chicago\/Turabian Style<\/strong><br \/>Islam, U., F. Taqdees, R. Zahoor, F. Asad, A. Gul, H. Batool, and A. Mahmood. 2023. &#8220;Cd and Cr Metals Burden in Fruits and Vegetables of Southern European Countries: A Review&#8221;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/09\/PJC.v13.i01-2.p3.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Pakistan Journal of Chemistry<\/em>\u00a013, no. 1-2: 19-37<\/a>. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2023.v13.i01-2.p03<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"item copyright\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"license\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i.creativecommons.org\/l\/by\/4.0\/88x31.png\" alt=\"Creative Commons License\" \/><\/a><\/p><p>This work is licensed under a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"license\">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/article>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-41fa6a6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"41fa6a6\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Review Article | Open AccessVolume 13 | Issue 1-2 |\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2023.v13.i01-2.p03 Cd and Cr Metals Burden in Fruits and Vegetables of Southern European Countries: A Review U. Islam National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan F. Taqdees National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan R. Zahoor National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3015","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Cd and Cr Metals Burden in Fruits and Vegetables of Southern European Countries: A Review - Pakistan Journal of Chemistry<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/2023\/06\/10\/pjc-0323\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Cd and Cr Metals Burden in Fruits and Vegetables of Southern European Countries: A Review - Pakistan Journal of Chemistry\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Review Article | Open AccessVolume 13 | Issue 1-2 |\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2023.v13.i01-2.p03 Cd and Cr Metals Burden in Fruits and Vegetables of Southern European Countries: A Review U. 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