{"id":2974,"date":"2022-06-10T18:12:00","date_gmt":"2022-06-10T18:12:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/pjc\/?p=2974"},"modified":"2025-06-13T13:11:13","modified_gmt":"2025-06-13T13:11:13","slug":"pjc-0322","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/2022\/06\/10\/pjc-0322\/","title":{"rendered":"Potential Outbreaks of Covid-19 During the Year 2019-2020: A Review"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"2974\" class=\"elementor elementor-2974\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13a5b60 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"13a5b60\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a47d2bd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a47d2bd\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2766dde elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2766dde\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<table border=\"0\" width=\"100%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" align=\"center\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<div><strong>Review Article | Open Access<\/strong><\/div>\n<div class=\"item doi\"><span class=\"value\">Volume 12 | Issue 1-2 |&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/12\/PJC.v12.i01-2.p03.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2022.v12.i01-2.p03<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<article class=\"obj_article_details\">\n<h4>Potential Outbreaks of Covid-19 During the Year 2019-2020: A Review<\/h4>\n<div class=\"row\">\n<div class=\"main_entry\">\n<p><span class=\"name\">A.U. Nisa<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Food and Biotechnology Research Centre, PCSIR, Laboratories Complex, Ferozepur Road, Lahore-54600, Pakistan<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"name\">P. Shahzadi<\/span><\/p>\n<p>GCRC, PCSIR Laboratories Complex Ferozepur Road Lahore, 54600 Pakistan<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"name\">S. Mushtaq<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Food and Biotechnology Research Centre, PCSIR, Laboratories Complex, Ferozepur Road, Lahore-54600, Pakistan<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"name\">S. Masood<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Food and Biotechnology Research Centre, PCSIR, Laboratories Complex, Ferozepur Road, Lahore-54600, Pakistan<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"name\">S. Hina<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Food and Biotechnology Research Centre, PCSIR, Laboratories Complex, Ferozepur Road, Lahore-54600, Pakistan<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"name\">H.U. Rehman<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Food and Biotechnology Research Centre, PCSIR, Laboratories Complex, Ferozepur Road, Lahore-54600, Pakistan<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"name\">H. Mansoor<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Food and Biotechnology Research Centre, PCSIR, Laboratories Complex, Ferozepur Road, Lahore-54600, Pakistan<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"name\">R. Ramzan<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Food and Biotechnology Research Centre, PCSIR, Laboratories Complex, Ferozepur Road, Lahore-54600, Pakistan<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"name\">H. Mubeen<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Department of Biotechnology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<table border=\"0\" width=\"93%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" align=\"center\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"top\"><strong>Received<\/strong><br>21 Dec, 2021<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"top\"><strong>Accepted<\/strong><br>02 Feb, 2022<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"top\"><strong>Published<\/strong><br>18 Feb, 2022<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div class=\"item abstract\">\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">The first outbreak of COVID-19 occurred last year in the city of China Wuhan. Initially, it spread in China and then to 209 countries worldwide, including the United States, Europe, Australia, and Asia. More than fifty thousand deaths and more than one million people have been affected worldwide. This number is increasing, which was mainly related to the lack of oxygen absorption in the lungs, which causes trouble in breathing as in this viral infection, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species have produced that play a role in binding with the SARS-CoV-2 S-glycoprotein. Various measures have been taken worldwide to control COVID-19 disease as its primary effect on the lungs and cause respiratory infections such as colds, pneumonia, and coughs. This viral infection causes upper respiratory infection and diarrhea in animals. The main reason for the transmission of this virus is aerial droplets. The viral infection membrane enters the human cell via the ACE-2 exopeptidase receptor. The WHO and ECDC recommend staying away from gathering along with crowded areas.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"item abstract\">\n<div>\n<h3 class=\"label\">How to Cite this paper?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"csl-entry\">\n<p><strong>APA-7 Style<\/strong><br>Nisa, A.U., Shahzadi, P., Mushtaq, S., Masood, S., Hina, S., Rehman, H.U., Mansoor, H., Ramzan, R., Mubeen, H. (2022). Potential Outbreaks of Covid-19 During the Year 2019-2020: A Review.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2022.v12.i01-2.p03\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Pakistan Journal of Chemistry<\/em>, 12(1-2), 13-23<\/a>. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2022.v12.i01-2.p03<\/p>\n<p><strong>ACS Style<\/strong><br>Nisa, A.U.; Shahzadi, P.; Mushtaq, S.; Masood, S.; Hina, S.; Rehman, H.U.; Mansoor, H.; Ramzan, R.; Mubeen, H. Potential Outbreaks of Covid-19 During the Year 2019-2020: A Review.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2022.v12.i01-2.p03\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Pak. J. Chem.<\/em>&nbsp;2022, 12, 13-23<\/a>. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2022.v12.i01-2.p03<\/p>\n<p><strong>AMA Style<\/strong><br>Nisa AU, Shahzadi P, Mushtaq S, Masood S, Hina S, Rehman HU, Mansoor H, Ramzan R, Mubeen H. Potential Outbreaks of Covid-19 During the Year 2019-2020: A Review.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2022.v12.i01-2.p03\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Pakistan Journal of Chemistry<\/em>. 2022; 12(1-2): 13-23<\/a>. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2022.v12.i01-2.p03<\/p>\n<p><strong>Chicago\/Turabian Style<\/strong><br>Nisa, A., U., P. Shahzadi, S. Mushtaq, S. Masood, S. Hina, H. U. Rehman, H. Mansoor, R. Ramzan, and H. Mubeen. 2022. &#8220;Potential Outbreaks of Covid-19 During the Year 2019-2020: A Review&#8221;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2022.v12.i01-2.p03\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Pakistan Journal of Chemistry<\/em>&nbsp;12, no. 1-2: 13-23<\/a>. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2022.v12.i01-2.p03<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"item copyright\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"license\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i.creativecommons.org\/l\/by\/4.0\/88x31.png\" alt=\"Creative Commons License\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>This work is licensed under a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"license\">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0733996 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0733996\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Review Article | Open Access Volume 12 | Issue 1-2 |&nbsp;https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2022.v12.i01-2.p03 Potential Outbreaks of Covid-19 During the Year 2019-2020: A Review A.U. Nisa Food and Biotechnology Research Centre, PCSIR, Laboratories Complex, Ferozepur Road, Lahore-54600, Pakistan P. Shahzadi GCRC, PCSIR Laboratories Complex Ferozepur Road Lahore, 54600 Pakistan S. Mushtaq Food and Biotechnology Research Centre, PCSIR, Laboratories [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2974","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Potential Outbreaks of Covid-19 During the Year 2019-2020: A Review - Pakistan Journal of Chemistry<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/2022\/06\/10\/pjc-0322\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Potential Outbreaks of Covid-19 During the Year 2019-2020: A Review - Pakistan Journal of Chemistry\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Review Article | Open Access Volume 12 | Issue 1-2 |&nbsp;https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2022.v12.i01-2.p03 Potential Outbreaks of Covid-19 During the Year 2019-2020: A Review A.U. 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