{"id":2771,"date":"2015-08-31T13:12:00","date_gmt":"2015-08-31T13:12:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/pjc\/?p=2771"},"modified":"2025-01-23T07:12:20","modified_gmt":"2025-01-23T07:12:20","slug":"pjc-1415","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/2015\/08\/31\/pjc-1415\/","title":{"rendered":"Qualitative And Spectrophotometric Determination Of Potassium Bromate In Bread Samples Sold In Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"2771\" class=\"elementor elementor-2771\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-29df7b8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"29df7b8\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1273477 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1273477\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2206a34 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2206a34\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00a0<\/p><table border=\"0\" width=\"100%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" align=\"center\"><tbody><tr><td><div><strong>Research Article | Open Access<\/strong><\/div><div class=\"item doi\"><span class=\"value\">Volume 5 | Issue 2 |\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/12\/PJC-v05.i02.p07.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2015.v05.i02.p07<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><article class=\"obj_article_details\"><h1 class=\"page_title\">Qualitative And Spectrophotometric Determination Of Potassium Bromate In Bread Samples Sold In Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria<\/h1><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"main_entry\"><p><span class=\"name\">H.I. Kelle<\/span><\/p><p>Chemistry Department, School of Science and Technology, National Open University of Nigeria, Lagos, Nigeria<\/p><p><span class=\"name\">V.U. Oguezi<\/span><\/p><p>Chemistry Department, School of Science Education, Federal College of Education, Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria<\/p><p><span class=\"name\">I. P. Udeozo<\/span><\/p><p>Department of Chemical Sciences, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Tansian University, Umunya, Anambra State, Nigeria<\/p><table border=\"0\" width=\"93%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" align=\"center\"><tbody><tr><td align=\"center\" valign=\"top\"><strong>Received<\/strong><br \/>14 Mar, 2015<\/td><td align=\"center\" valign=\"top\"><strong>Accepted<\/strong><br \/>29 Sep, 2015<\/td><td align=\"center\" valign=\"top\"><strong>Published<\/strong><br \/>14 Dec, 2015<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><div class=\"item abstract\"><p class=\"ql-align-justify\">Studies have shown that potassium bromate KBrO3 an oxidizing agent used in bread-making process is a possible human carcinogen. For this reason, it has been banned by some countries including Nigeria, while other countries such as United State of America set permissible limit for its use in flour, bread and other bakery products. Bread is commonly eaten by all socioeconomic class in Nigeria. Due to the adverse health effect of consumption of potassium bromate by humans, it became necessary to investigate its usage in bread making process in the area of study; Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria. Twenty brands of bread sample were obtained from the area of study and analyzed for the presence and concentration of potassium bromate using David Pearson 1976 method. Five brands of bread sample amongst the twenty brands of bread sample tested positive to the presence of potassium bromate. The quantity of potassium bromate present in the five brands of bread sample was determined using spectrophotometer (spectrum Lab 21A) at 620nm. The result showed that the samples contained 3.8\u00b5g\/g, 1.4\u00b5g\/g, 5.1\u00b5g\/g, 1.7\u00b5g\/g and 3.7\u00b5g\/g of potassium bromate. These results are above the permissible limit allowed for potassium bromate in flour, bread and other bakery products by US Food and Drug Agency (FDA)) and contravenes the non usage of potassium bromate in bread making in Nigeria, stipulated by the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration Control (NAFDAC) of Nigeria. The result of the study shows that the five brands of bread sample are unsafe for consumption.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"item abstract\"><div><h3 class=\"label\">How to Cite this paper?<\/h3><div class=\"csl-entry\"><p><strong>APA-7 Style<\/strong><br \/>Kelle, H.I., Oguezi , V.U., Udeozo, I. . (2015). Qualitative And Spectrophotometric Determination Of Potassium Bromate In Bread Samples Sold In Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2015.v05.i02.p07%205\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Pakistan Journal of Chemistry<\/em>, 5(2), 93-95<\/a>. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2015.v05.i02.p07<\/p><p><strong>ACS Style<\/strong><br \/>Kelle, H.I.; Oguezi , V.U.; Udeozo, I. . Qualitative And Spectrophotometric Determination Of Potassium Bromate In Bread Samples Sold In Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2015.v05.i02.p07%205\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Pak. J. Chem.<\/em>\u00a02015, 5, 93-95<\/a>. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2015.v05.i02.p07<\/p><p><strong>AMA Style<\/strong><br \/>Kelle HI, Oguezi VU, Udeozo I . Qualitative And Spectrophotometric Determination Of Potassium Bromate In Bread Samples Sold In Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2015.v05.i02.p07%205\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Pakistan Journal of Chemistry<\/em>. 2015; 5(2): 93-95<\/a>. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2015.v05.i02.p07<\/p><p><strong>Chicago\/Turabian Style<\/strong><br \/>Kelle, H., I., V. U. Oguezi , and I. P. Udeozo. 2015. &#8220;Qualitative And Spectrophotometric Determination Of Potassium Bromate In Bread Samples Sold In Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria&#8221;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2015.v05.i02.p07%205\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Pakistan Journal of Chemistry<\/em>\u00a05, no. 2: 93-95<\/a>. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2015.v05.i02.p07<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"item copyright\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"license\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i.creativecommons.org\/l\/by\/4.0\/88x31.png\" alt=\"Creative Commons License\" \/><\/a><\/p><p>This work is licensed under a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"license\">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/article>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-15a18c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"15a18c5\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0 Research Article | Open AccessVolume 5 | Issue 2 |\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2015.v05.i02.p07 Qualitative And Spectrophotometric Determination Of Potassium Bromate In Bread Samples Sold In Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria H.I. Kelle Chemistry Department, School of Science and Technology, National Open University of Nigeria, Lagos, Nigeria V.U. Oguezi Chemistry Department, School of Science Education, Federal College of Education, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2771","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Qualitative And Spectrophotometric Determination Of Potassium Bromate In Bread Samples Sold In Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria - Pakistan Journal of Chemistry<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/2015\/08\/31\/pjc-1415\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Qualitative And Spectrophotometric Determination Of Potassium Bromate In Bread Samples Sold In Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria - Pakistan Journal of Chemistry\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u00a0 Research Article | Open AccessVolume 5 | Issue 2 |\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2015.v05.i02.p07 Qualitative And Spectrophotometric Determination Of Potassium Bromate In Bread Samples Sold In Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria H.I. 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