{"id":2190,"date":"2011-09-30T13:41:00","date_gmt":"2011-09-30T13:41:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/pjc\/?p=2190"},"modified":"2025-06-13T11:18:30","modified_gmt":"2025-06-13T11:18:30","slug":"pjc-2411","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/2011\/09\/30\/pjc-2411\/","title":{"rendered":"Competition of Chromium on Iron Binding Sites in The Biological System"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"2190\" class=\"elementor elementor-2190\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-278885f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"278885f\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f815bd9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f815bd9\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4c17382 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4c17382\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<table border=\"0\" width=\"100%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" align=\"center\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<div><strong>Research Article | Open Access<\/strong><\/div>\n<div class=\"item doi\"><span class=\"value\">Volume 1 | Issue 3 |&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/pjc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/10\/182_1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2011.v01.i03.p08<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<article class=\"obj_article_details\">\n<h4>Competition of Chromium on Iron Binding Sites in The Biological System<\/h4>\n<div class=\"row\">\n<div class=\"main_entry\">\n<p><span class=\"name\">F.S. Rehmani<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"name\">A.A. Shafique<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Liaquat College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"name\">A. Shafique<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Liaquat College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"name\">A. Rashid<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Liaquat College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<table border=\"0\" width=\"93%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" align=\"center\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"top\"><strong>Received<\/strong><br>24 Mar, 2011<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"top\"><strong>Accepted<\/strong><br>24 Jun, 2011<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"top\"><strong>Published<\/strong><br>24 Dec, 2011<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div class=\"item abstract\">\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">Hexavalent chromium is mutagenic and neurotoxic. Trivalent Chromium is involved in the enzymes of glucose metabolism. Chromium is generally found in +3 oxidation state and sometimes it competes for the binding sites of iron in the biological system, when the concentration of chromium exceeds above the normal, it inhibits the absorption of iron and iron deficiency leads diseases such as anemia, tinnitus and depression. Salicylicdhydroxamic acid a hydroxamate type siderophore is used as a drug in the chelation therapy of iron overload patients. The complex formation of Cr(III) and Fe(III) with salicyclic hydroxamate were studied potentiometrically at different temperatures and data was subjected to computer programs. The stability constant (log beta values and thermodynamic stabilities were calculated. It was found that salicyclic hydroxamate forms 1:1 complex at pH 3 and 1:2 complex at pH 4 with Cr(III) and Fe(III), respectively. The stability constant (Log beta and thermodynamic stabilities of Cr(III) Salicyclic hydroxamate complexes are close to Fe(III) Salicyclic hydroxamate complexes. It was observed from the stability constant values that after chelating therapy the concentration of chromium become low and deficiency symptoms appear resulting diabetes.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"item abstract\">\n<div>\n<h3 class=\"label\">How to Cite this paper?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"csl-entry\">\n<p><strong>APA-7 Style<\/strong><br>Rehmani, F.S., Shafique, A.A., Shafique, A., Rashid, A. (2011). Competition of Chromium on Iron Binding Sites in The Biological System.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2011.v01.i03.p08\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Pakistan Journal of Chemistry<\/em>, 1(3), 145-147<\/a>. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2011.v01.i03.p08<\/p>\n<p><strong>ACS Style<\/strong><br>Rehmani, F.S.; Shafique, A.A.; Shafique, A.; Rashid, A. Competition of Chromium on Iron Binding Sites in The Biological System.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2011.v01.i03.p08\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Pak. J. Chem.<\/em>&nbsp;2011, 1, 145-147<\/a>. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2011.v01.i03.p08<\/p>\n<p><strong>AMA Style<\/strong><br>Rehmani FS, Shafique AA, Shafique A, Rashid A. Competition of Chromium on Iron Binding Sites in The Biological System.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2011.v01.i03.p08\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Pakistan Journal of Chemistry<\/em>. 2011; 1(3): 145-147<\/a>. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2011.v01.i03.p08<\/p>\n<p><strong>Chicago\/Turabian Style<\/strong><br>Rehmani, F., S., A. A. Shafique, A. Shafique, and A. Rashid. 2011. &#8220;Competition of Chromium on Iron Binding Sites in The Biological System&#8221;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2011.v01.i03.p08\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Pakistan Journal of Chemistry<\/em>&nbsp;1, no. 3: 145-147<\/a>. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2011.v01.i03.p08<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"item copyright\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"license\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i.creativecommons.org\/l\/by\/4.0\/88x31.png\" alt=\"Creative Commons License\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>This work is licensed under a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"license\">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4782113 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4782113\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Research Article | Open Access Volume 1 | Issue 3 |&nbsp;https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2011.v01.i03.p08 Competition of Chromium on Iron Binding Sites in The Biological System F.S. Rehmani Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan A.A. Shafique Liaquat College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan A. Shafique Liaquat College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2190","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Competition of Chromium on Iron Binding Sites in The Biological System - Pakistan Journal of Chemistry<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/2011\/09\/30\/pjc-2411\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Competition of Chromium on Iron Binding Sites in The Biological System - Pakistan Journal of Chemistry\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Research Article | Open Access Volume 1 | Issue 3 |&nbsp;https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2011.v01.i03.p08 Competition of Chromium on Iron Binding Sites in The Biological System F.S. Rehmani Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan A.A. Shafique Liaquat College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan A. Shafique Liaquat College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/2011\/09\/30\/pjc-2411\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Pakistan Journal of Chemistry\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2011-09-30T13:41:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-06-13T11:18:30+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/i.creativecommons.org\/l\/by\/4.0\/88x31.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/2011\/09\/30\/pjc-2411\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/2011\/09\/30\/pjc-2411\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"admin\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/#\/schema\/person\/5f5f92c274f1346d6f53fa7864e00a01\"},\"headline\":\"Competition of Chromium on Iron Binding Sites in The Biological System\",\"datePublished\":\"2011-09-30T13:41:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-06-13T11:18:30+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/2011\/09\/30\/pjc-2411\/\"},\"wordCount\":436,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/2011\/09\/30\/pjc-2411\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/i.creativecommons.org\/l\/by\/4.0\/88x31.png\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/2011\/09\/30\/pjc-2411\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/2011\/09\/30\/pjc-2411\/\",\"name\":\"Competition of Chromium on Iron Binding Sites in The Biological System - Pakistan Journal of Chemistry\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/2011\/09\/30\/pjc-2411\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/2011\/09\/30\/pjc-2411\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/i.creativecommons.org\/l\/by\/4.0\/88x31.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2011-09-30T13:41:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-06-13T11:18:30+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/2011\/09\/30\/pjc-2411\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/2011\/09\/30\/pjc-2411\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/2011\/09\/30\/pjc-2411\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/i.creativecommons.org\/l\/by\/4.0\/88x31.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/i.creativecommons.org\/l\/by\/4.0\/88x31.png\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/2011\/09\/30\/pjc-2411\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Competition of Chromium on Iron Binding Sites in The Biological System\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/\",\"name\":\"Pakistan Journal of Chemistry\",\"description\":\"Pakistan Journal of Chemistry is an international, double-blind,peer-reviewed, open-access Pakistan Based Journal published by Chem Publishers.\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Pakistan Journal of Chemistry\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/12\/cropped-WhatsApp-Image-2024-12-11-at-23.54.08_6d6c4771-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/12\/cropped-WhatsApp-Image-2024-12-11-at-23.54.08_6d6c4771-1.jpg\",\"width\":1129,\"height\":1600,\"caption\":\"Pakistan Journal of Chemistry\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/#\/schema\/person\/5f5f92c274f1346d6f53fa7864e00a01\",\"name\":\"admin\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/ea649f84ccd0f114678afc2b56b41940?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/ea649f84ccd0f114678afc2b56b41940?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"admin\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/author\/chempublisherspk\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Competition of Chromium on Iron Binding Sites in The Biological System - Pakistan Journal of Chemistry","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/2011\/09\/30\/pjc-2411\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Competition of Chromium on Iron Binding Sites in The Biological System - Pakistan Journal of Chemistry","og_description":"Research Article | Open Access Volume 1 | Issue 3 |&nbsp;https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2011.v01.i03.p08 Competition of Chromium on Iron Binding Sites in The Biological System F.S. Rehmani Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan A.A. Shafique Liaquat College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan A. Shafique Liaquat College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/2011\/09\/30\/pjc-2411\/","og_site_name":"Pakistan Journal of Chemistry","article_published_time":"2011-09-30T13:41:00+00:00","article_modified_time":"2025-06-13T11:18:30+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"https:\/\/i.creativecommons.org\/l\/by\/4.0\/88x31.png","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"author":"admin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"admin","Est. reading time":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/2011\/09\/30\/pjc-2411\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/2011\/09\/30\/pjc-2411\/"},"author":{"name":"admin","@id":"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/#\/schema\/person\/5f5f92c274f1346d6f53fa7864e00a01"},"headline":"Competition of Chromium on Iron Binding Sites in The Biological System","datePublished":"2011-09-30T13:41:00+00:00","dateModified":"2025-06-13T11:18:30+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/2011\/09\/30\/pjc-2411\/"},"wordCount":436,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/2011\/09\/30\/pjc-2411\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/i.creativecommons.org\/l\/by\/4.0\/88x31.png","inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/2011\/09\/30\/pjc-2411\/","url":"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/2011\/09\/30\/pjc-2411\/","name":"Competition of Chromium on Iron Binding Sites in The Biological System - Pakistan Journal of Chemistry","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/2011\/09\/30\/pjc-2411\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/2011\/09\/30\/pjc-2411\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/i.creativecommons.org\/l\/by\/4.0\/88x31.png","datePublished":"2011-09-30T13:41:00+00:00","dateModified":"2025-06-13T11:18:30+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/2011\/09\/30\/pjc-2411\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/2011\/09\/30\/pjc-2411\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/2011\/09\/30\/pjc-2411\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/i.creativecommons.org\/l\/by\/4.0\/88x31.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/i.creativecommons.org\/l\/by\/4.0\/88x31.png"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/2011\/09\/30\/pjc-2411\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Competition of Chromium on Iron Binding Sites in The Biological System"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/#website","url":"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/","name":"Pakistan Journal of Chemistry","description":"Pakistan Journal of Chemistry is an international, double-blind,peer-reviewed, open-access Pakistan Based Journal published by Chem Publishers.","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/#organization","name":"Pakistan Journal of Chemistry","url":"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/12\/cropped-WhatsApp-Image-2024-12-11-at-23.54.08_6d6c4771-1.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/12\/cropped-WhatsApp-Image-2024-12-11-at-23.54.08_6d6c4771-1.jpg","width":1129,"height":1600,"caption":"Pakistan Journal of Chemistry"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/#\/schema\/person\/5f5f92c274f1346d6f53fa7864e00a01","name":"admin","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/ea649f84ccd0f114678afc2b56b41940?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/ea649f84ccd0f114678afc2b56b41940?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"admin"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/chempublishers.com"],"url":"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/author\/chempublisherspk\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2190","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2190"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2190\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8300,"href":"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2190\/revisions\/8300"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2190"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2190"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2190"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}