{"id":1295,"date":"2012-05-31T20:17:00","date_gmt":"2012-05-31T20:17:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chempublishers.sourcingoutfit.com\/?p=1295"},"modified":"2025-01-20T13:41:57","modified_gmt":"2025-01-20T13:41:57","slug":"pjc-1112-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/2012\/05\/31\/pjc-1112-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Iron Contamination of Shallow Wells in Makurdi Urban Area, Benue State, Nigeria"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"1295\" class=\"elementor elementor-1295\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-005b220 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"005b220\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a8cecbe e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a8cecbe\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-364b45e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"364b45e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<table border=\"0\" width=\"100%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" align=\"center\"><tbody><tr><td><div><strong>Research Article | Open Access<\/strong><\/div><div class=\"item doi\"><span class=\"value\">Volume 2 | Issue 2 | Paper 03 |\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/pjc\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/12\/138_1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2012.v02.i02.p03<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><article class=\"obj_article_details\"><h1 class=\"page_title\">Iron Contamination of Shallow Wells in Makurdi Urban Area, Benue State, Nigeria<\/h1><div class=\"row\"><h4 class=\"main_entry\"><span class=\"name\">I.I. Mile<\/span><\/h4><p>Social and Environmental Forestry Department, University Of Agriculture Makurdi-Nigeria<\/p><h4 class=\"main_entry\"><span class=\"name\">B.I. Dagba<\/span><\/h4><p>Social and Environmental Forestry Department, University Of Agriculture Makurdi-Nigeria<\/p><h4 class=\"main_entry\"><span class=\"name\">J.A. Jande<\/span><\/h4><p>Social and Environmental Forestry Department, University Of Agriculture Makurdi-Nigeria<\/p><table border=\"0\" width=\"93%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" align=\"center\"><tbody><tr><td align=\"center\" valign=\"top\"><strong>Received<\/strong><br \/>11 Mar, 2012<\/td><td align=\"center\" valign=\"top\"><strong>Accepted<\/strong><br \/>11 Jun, 2012<\/td><td align=\"center\" valign=\"top\"><strong>Published<\/strong><br \/>11 Dec, 2012<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><div class=\"item abstract\"><p align=\"justify\">ABSTRACT:<\/p><p class=\"ql-align-justify\">This study examines iron contamination of well water within Makurdi urban area. Water samples were collected from 15 wells and analysed for iron concentration as it affect the quality of drinking water. The analyses were done according to standard method of water examination. The results of the analyses show that 40% of wells studied exhibit elevated iron concentrations above the WHO limits for drinking water. The presence of iron in shallow wells of the study area may be traced to the local environment of the wells. These include: the geology, dissolution of iron minerals from rocks and soil, precipitation and run off, construction and agricultural activities. Although iron concentrations at objectionable levels were noted in some of the shallow wells, most residents were found using them for drinking and other domestic purposes, since the public water supply is generally inadequate and in most cases inaccessible. To reduce health risk some form of treatment like filtering and or reverse osmosis may be applied before use.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"item abstract\"><div><h3 class=\"label\">How to Cite this paper?<\/h3><div class=\"csl-entry\"><p><strong>APA-7 Style<\/strong><br \/>Mile, I.I., Dagba, B.I., Jande, J.A. (2012). Iron Contamination of Shallow Wells in Makurdi Urban Area, Benue State, Nigeria.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2012.v02.i02.p03\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Pakistan Journal of Chemistry<\/em>, 2(2), 68-70<\/a>. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2012.v02.i02.p03<\/p><p><strong>ACS Style<\/strong><br \/>Mile, I.I.; Dagba, B.I.; Jande, J.A. Iron Contamination of Shallow Wells in Makurdi Urban Area, Benue State, Nigeria.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2012.v02.i02.p03\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Pak. J. Chem.<\/em>\u00a02012, 2, 68-70<\/a>. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2012.v02.i02.p03<\/p><p><strong>AMA Style<\/strong><br \/>Mile II, Dagba BI, Jande JA. Iron Contamination of Shallow Wells in Makurdi Urban Area, Benue State, Nigeria.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2012.v02.i02.p03\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Pakistan Journal of Chemistry<\/em>. 2012; 2(2): 68-70<\/a>. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2012.v02.i02.p03<\/p><p><strong>Chicago\/Turabian Style<\/strong><br \/>Mile, I., I., B. I. Dagba, and J. A. Jande. 2012. &#8220;Iron Contamination of Shallow Wells in Makurdi Urban Area, Benue State, Nigeria&#8221;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2012.v02.i02.p03\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Pakistan Journal of Chemistry<\/em>\u00a02, no. 2: 68-70<\/a>. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2012.v02.i02.p03<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"item copyright\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"license\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i.creativecommons.org\/l\/by\/4.0\/88x31.png\" alt=\"Creative Commons License\" \/><\/a><\/p><p>This work is licensed under a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"license\">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/article>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd0326a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"fd0326a\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Research Article | Open AccessVolume 2 | Issue 2 | Paper 03 |\u00a0 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2012.v02.i02.p03 Iron Contamination of Shallow Wells in Makurdi Urban Area, Benue State, Nigeria I.I. Mile Social and Environmental Forestry Department, University Of Agriculture Makurdi-Nigeria B.I. Dagba Social and Environmental Forestry Department, University Of Agriculture Makurdi-Nigeria J.A. Jande Social and Environmental Forestry Department, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1295","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Iron Contamination of Shallow Wells in Makurdi Urban Area, Benue State, Nigeria - Pakistan Journal of Chemistry<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/2012\/05\/31\/pjc-1112-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Iron Contamination of Shallow Wells in Makurdi Urban Area, Benue State, Nigeria - Pakistan Journal of Chemistry\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Research Article | Open AccessVolume 2 | Issue 2 | Paper 03 |\u00a0 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2012.v02.i02.p03 Iron Contamination of Shallow Wells in Makurdi Urban Area, Benue State, Nigeria I.I. 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