{"id":10182,"date":"2026-06-13T18:57:50","date_gmt":"2026-06-13T18:57:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/?p=10182"},"modified":"2026-06-20T15:47:35","modified_gmt":"2026-06-20T15:47:35","slug":"pjc-1226","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/2026\/06\/13\/pjc-1226\/","title":{"rendered":"Anodic Spark Deposition of Porous \u03b1-Al\u2082O\u2083 Films and Its Importance in Humidity Sensor Fabrication: A Review and Perspective"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"10182\" class=\"elementor elementor-10182\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-50f734b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"50f734b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-390ebeb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"390ebeb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a0a6bd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a0a6bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<table border=\"0\" width=\"100%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" align=\"center\"><tbody><tr><td><div><strong>Review Article| Open Access<\/strong><\/div><div class=\"item doi\"><span class=\"value\">Volume 16 | Issue 03 | Page 108-116| <a href=\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/06\/PJC.v16.i03.p12.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2026.v16.i3.p12<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><h4><strong><b>Anodic Spark Deposition of Porous \u03b1-Al\u2082O\u2083 Films and Its Importance in Humidity Sensor Fabrication: A Review and Perspective<\/b><\/strong><\/h4><p><a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6795-8084\"><strong>Ronak Ali<\/strong><\/a><br \/>Department of Electronics Engineering Technology, The Benazir Bhutto Shaheed University of Technology and Skill Development, Khairpur Mirs, Sindh, Pakistan<\/p><p><strong>Shakil Ahmed Jiskani<\/strong><br \/>Department of Electrical Engineering, Sukkur IBA University, Sukkur, Sindh, Pakistan<\/p><p><strong>Safdar Ali Abro<\/strong><br \/>Department of Electrical Engineering Technology, The Benazir Bhutto Shaheed University of Technology and Skill Development, Khairpur Mirs, Sindh, Pakistan<\/p><p><strong>Abdul Shakoor Shaikh<\/strong><br \/>Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology, The Benazir Bhutto Shaheed University of Technology and Skill Development, Khairpur Mirs, Sindh, Pakistan<\/p><p><strong>Kaneez Fatima<\/strong><br \/>Department of Electronic Engineering, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology SZAB Campus, Khairpur Mirs, Sindh, Pakistan<\/p><p><strong>Ghulam E Mustafa Abro<\/strong><br \/>Research Unit for Robophilosophy and Integrative Social Robotics (RISR), Aarhus University, Aarhus C 8000 Denmark<\/p><p><strong>Madad Ali Shah<\/strong><br \/>Department of Electrical Engineering, Sukkur IBA University, Sukkur, Sindh, Pakistan<\/p><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"main_entry\"><table border=\"0\" width=\"93%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" align=\"center\"><tbody><tr><td align=\"center\" valign=\"top\"><strong>Received<\/strong><br \/>18 Apr, 2026<\/td><td align=\"center\" valign=\"top\"><strong>Accepted<\/strong><br \/>06 Jun, 2026<\/td><td align=\"center\" valign=\"top\"><strong>Published<\/strong><br \/>13 June, 2026<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><div class=\"item abstract\"><p><strong>ABSTRACT:<\/strong><br \/>Humidity and moisture sensors play important roles in industrial process control, environmental monitoring, aerospace, pharmaceutical manufacturing, energy infrastructure, and semiconductor fabrication applications. The properties of the humidity-sensitive dielectric layer are important to the performance of these sensors. Anodic Spark Deposition (ASD) is a specialized fabrication technique for producing a highly porous, chemically stable \u03b1-Al\u2082O\u2083 film, which has been shown to be useful for fabricating a high-performance moisture sensor. ASD is a technique that enables direct electrochemical oxidation to form porous ceramic coatings on substrates (graphite, glass, titanium, aluminum, and so on) under spark-discharge conditions. The \u03b1-Al\u2082O\u2083 films formed have good thermal stability, corrosion resistance, mechanical strength, and controlled pore structure. This article provides a summary of the principles of ASD, pore formation mechanism, process parameters, and the resulting microstructural characteristics. Special focus on the application of porous alumina produced from ASD in capacitive humidity and moisture sensors. The effects of pore-size distribution, surface morphology, adsorption\/desorption kinetics, response speed, sensitivity, and long-term stability are considered. Hybrid \u03b1-Al\u2082O\u2083\/SiO\u2082 dielectric structures have also been reviewed recently.<\/p><p><strong>Keywords: <\/strong>Anodic Spark Deposition, Alpha Alumina, Humidity Sensor, Moisture Sensor, Porous Ceramics,<\/p><p><strong>How to Cite this paper?<\/strong><\/p><\/div><div class=\"item abstract\"><div class=\"csl-entry\"><p><strong>APA- Style<\/strong><br \/>R. Ali, S. A. Jiskani, S. A. Abro, A. S. Shaikh, K. Fatima, G. M. Abro, M. A. Shah (2026). Anodic Spark Deposition of Porous \u03b1-Al\u2082O\u2083 Films and Its Importance in Humidity Sensor Fabrication: A Review and Perspective <a href=\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/06\/PJC.v16.i03.p12.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Pakistan Journal of Chemistry<\/em>, 16(3), 108-116.<\/a> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2026.v16.i3.p.108-116.<\/p><p><strong>ACS Style<\/strong><\/p><p>Ali R., Jiskani S. A., Abro S. A., Shaikh A. S., Fatima K., Abro G. M., Shah M. A. <em>Anodic Spark Deposition of Porous \u03b1-Al\u2082O\u2083 Films and Its Importance in Humidity Sensor Fabrication: A Review and Perspective <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/06\/PJC.v16.i03.p12.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Pakistan Journal of Chemistry<\/em>, 16(3), 108-116.<\/a> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2026.v16.i3.p.108-116.<\/p><p><strong>AMA Style<\/strong><\/p><p>Ali R; Jiskani S. A; Abro S. A; Shaikh A. S; Fatima K; Abro G. M; Shah M. A; <em>Anodic Spark Deposition of Porous \u03b1-Al\u2082O\u2083 Films and Its Importance in Humidity Sensor Fabrication: A Review and Perspective (2026) <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/06\/PJC.v16.i03.p12.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Pakistan Journal of Chemistry<\/em>, 16(3), 108-116.<\/a> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2026.v16.i3.p.108-116.<\/p><p><strong>Chicago\/Turabian Style<\/strong><\/p><p>Ali R, Jiskani SA. Abro SA, Shaikh AS, Fatima K, Abro GM, Shah MA, <em>Anodic Spark Deposition of Porous \u03b1-Al\u2082O\u2083 Films and Its Importance in Humidity Sensor Fabrication: A Review and Perspective <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/06\/PJC.v16.i03.p12.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Pakistan Journal of Chemistry<\/em>, 16(3), 108-116.<\/a> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2026.v16.i3.p.108-116.<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"license\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i.creativecommons.org\/l\/by\/4.0\/88x31.png\" alt=\"Creative Commons License\" \/><\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"item copyright\"><p>This work is licensed under a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"license\">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3812885 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3812885\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Review Article| Open AccessVolume 16 | Issue 03 | Page 108-116| https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2026.v16.i3.p12 Anodic Spark Deposition of Porous \u03b1-Al\u2082O\u2083 Films and Its Importance in Humidity Sensor Fabrication: A Review and Perspective Ronak AliDepartment of Electronics Engineering Technology, The Benazir Bhutto Shaheed University of Technology and Skill Development, Khairpur Mirs, Sindh, Pakistan Shakil Ahmed JiskaniDepartment of Electrical [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[66,68],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10182","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-66","category-issue-3"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Anodic Spark Deposition of Porous \u03b1-Al\u2082O\u2083 Films and Its Importance in Humidity Sensor Fabrication: A Review and Perspective - Pakistan Journal of Chemistry<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/2026\/06\/13\/pjc-1226\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta 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