{"id":10148,"date":"2026-05-14T18:43:03","date_gmt":"2026-05-14T18:43:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/?p=10148"},"modified":"2026-05-15T03:41:13","modified_gmt":"2026-05-15T03:41:13","slug":"pjc-1126","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/2026\/05\/14\/pjc-1126\/","title":{"rendered":"Low-Temperature Hydrothermal Synthesis of High-Performance Al\u2013ZnO on Flexible, Durable, and Aligned hBN\/Cu substrates"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"10148\" class=\"elementor elementor-10148\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d0cdf45 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"d0cdf45\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ef3e757 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ef3e757\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a05d61 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4a05d61\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<table border=\"0\" width=\"100%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" align=\"center\"><tbody><tr><td><div><strong>Research Article| Open Access<\/strong><\/div><div class=\"item doi\"><span class=\"value\">Volume 16 | Issue 03 | Page 99-107| <a href=\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/05\/PJC.v16.i03.p11.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2026.v16.i3.p11<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><h4><strong><b>Low-Temperature Hydrothermal Synthesis of High-Performance Al\u2013ZnO on Flexible, Durable, and Aligned hBN\/Cu substrates<\/b><\/strong><\/h4><p><a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9489-5590\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Humera Shaikh<\/strong><\/a><br \/>Institute of Physics, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan<\/p><p><strong>Ramsha Saleem<\/strong><br \/>Institute of Physics, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan<\/p><p><strong>Muhammad Saajan Bharhaam<\/strong><br \/>Mehran University Institute of Science &amp; Technology Development, Jamshoro 76062, Pakistan<\/p><p><strong>Abdul Majid Soomro<\/strong><br \/>Institute of Physics, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan<\/p><p><strong>Waseem Ahmed Bhutto<\/strong><br \/>Institute of Physics, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan<\/p><p><strong>Zahid Hussain Arain<\/strong><br \/>Institute of Physics, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan<\/p><p><strong>Muhammad Waseem Mirbhar<\/strong><br \/>Institute of Physics, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan<\/p><p><strong>\u00a0Muhammad Ayaz Khoso<\/strong><br \/>Institute of Physics, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan<\/p><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"main_entry\"><table border=\"0\" width=\"93%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" align=\"center\"><tbody><tr><td align=\"center\" valign=\"top\"><strong>Received<\/strong><br \/>10 Apr, 2026<\/td><td align=\"center\" valign=\"top\"><strong>Accepted<\/strong><br \/>12 May, 2026<\/td><td align=\"center\" valign=\"top\"><strong>Published<\/strong><br \/>14 May, 2026<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><div class=\"item abstract\"><p><strong>ABSTRACT:<\/strong><br \/>In this work, a low-temperature hydrothermal technique was successfully employed to synthesize pure Al-doped zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures on flexible hBN\/Cu substrates.The structural and optical effects of Aluminum (Al) dopant concentrations ranging from 2 at% to 10 at% were investigated. SEM imaging revealed vertically oriented hexagonal nanowires (NWs) that grew larger and more densely as the doping level increased. A hexagonal wurtzite structure with a preferred (002) orientation at 34.462\u00b0 was confirmed by XRD analysis. The optical bandgap showed a systematic redshift from 3.20 eV to 3.17 eV, and the grain size, determined by the Debye-Scherrer equation, decreased from 42.1 nm to 18.9 nm as the Al concentration increased. Al-doped ZnO nanostructures possess a tunable bandgap (3.20 eV to 3.17 eV) and prominent Near-Band Edge (NBE) UV emission, with increased doping levels reducing green emission, suggesting enhanced stoichiometry through vacancy passivation. The hBN buffer layer successfully prevents copper diffusion, as demonstrated by EDX, and the 10% Al-doped sample provides flexible UV sensors with a good balance between electrical conductivity and optical clarity. These results demonstrate that the Al-doped ZnO\/hBN\/Cu combination works as a robust, versatile electrode platform, bridging the gap between high-performance ceramics and wearable electronic devices.<br \/><strong>Keywords<\/strong>: Al-ZnO Nanowires, hBN\/Cu substrate, flexible electrodes, hydrothermal process, energy harvesting<\/p><p><strong>How to Cite this paper?<\/strong><\/p><\/div><div class=\"item abstract\"><div class=\"csl-entry\"><p><strong>APA- Style<\/strong><br \/>H. Shaikh, R. Saleem, M. S. Kazi, A. M. Soomro, W. A. Bhutto, Z. H. Arain, M. W. Mirbhar, M. A. Khoso (2026). Low-Temperature Hydrothermal Synthesis of High-Performance Al\u2013ZnO on Flexible, Durable, and Aligned hBN\/Cu substrates <a href=\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/05\/PJC.v16.i03.p11.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Pakistan Journal of Chemistry<\/em>, 16(3), 99-107.<\/a> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2026.v16.i3.p.99-107.<\/p><p><strong>ACS Style<\/strong><br \/>Shaikh H., Saleem R., Kazi M. S., Soomro A. M., Bhutto W. A., Arain Z. H., Mirbhar M. W.,\u00a0 Khoso M. A., <em>Low-Temperature Hydrothermal Synthesis of High-Performance Al\u2013ZnO on Flexible, Durable, and Aligned hBN\/Cu substrates<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/05\/PJC.v16.i03.p11.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Pakistan Journal of Chemistry<\/em>, 16(3), 99-107.<\/a> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2026.v16.i3.p.99-107.<\/p><p><strong>AMA Style<\/strong><br \/>Shaikh H; Saleem R; Kazi M. S; Soomro A. M; Bhutto W. A; Arain Z. H; Mirbhar M. W;\u00a0 Khoso M. A; <em>Low-Temperature Hydrothermal Synthesis of High-Performance Al\u2013ZnO on Flexible, Durable, and Aligned hBN\/Cu substrates<\/em> (2026) <a href=\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/05\/PJC.v16.i03.p11.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Pakistan Journal of Chemistry<\/em>, 16(3), 99-107.<\/a> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2026.v16.i3.p.99-107.<\/p><p><strong>Chicago\/Turabian Style<\/strong><br \/>Shaikh H, Saleem R, Kazi M S, Soomro A M, Bhutto W A, Arain Z H, Mirbhar M W,\u00a0 Khoso M A, <em>Low-Temperature Hydrothermal Synthesis of High-Performance Al\u2013ZnO on Flexible, Durable, and Aligned hBN\/Cu substrates<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/chempublishers.com\/Pakistan-journal-of-chemistry\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2026\/05\/PJC.v16.i03.p11.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Pakistan Journal of Chemistry<\/em>, 16(3), 99-107.<\/a> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2026.v16.i3.p.99-107.<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"license\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i.creativecommons.org\/l\/by\/4.0\/88x31.png\" alt=\"Creative Commons License\" \/><\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"item copyright\"><p>This work is licensed under a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"license\">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d3deaf e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9d3deaf\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Research Article| Open AccessVolume 16 | Issue 03 | Page 99-107| https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15228\/2026.v16.i3.p11 Low-Temperature Hydrothermal Synthesis of High-Performance Al\u2013ZnO on Flexible, Durable, and Aligned hBN\/Cu substrates Humera ShaikhInstitute of Physics, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan Ramsha SaleemInstitute of Physics, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan Muhammad Saajan BharhaamMehran University Institute of Science &amp; Technology Development, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[66,68],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10148","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-66","category-issue-3"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Low-Temperature Hydrothermal Synthesis of High-Performance Al\u2013ZnO on Flexible, Durable, and Aligned hBN\/Cu substrates - Pakistan Journal of Chemistry<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" 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